Copd emphysema and bronchitis increase of carbonic

● COPD (emphysema and bronchitis) = increase of carbonic acid=respiratory acidosis
● Diagnostic Tests:
-Arterial Blood Gases, complete blood count, sputum, biopsy, chest X RAY, CT, MRI
scans !!!Pulmonary Function Test (definitive tests), Endoscopy (when smokers develop plugs
post op esp. If they don't follow directions and smoke up until the day of their surgery)
● Incentive spirometer - INHALE
● Emphysema “trapping disease” vs. Bronchitis (alveoli vs airway problem)
● Bronchodilators BEFORE corticosteroids: 1st relax airway...to then add any other
medications
● 1st sign of hypoxia : anxiety, restlessness, confusion
● Late sign or hypoxia : cyanosis
● Tripod position: assumed by people in respiratory distress (!!!children need
assessment immediately)
● Common signs of inadequate Oxygenation : low energy, nasal flaring (esp.infants),
accessory muscle use, cyanosis, rapid HR and hypertension, stupor
● Nurse can give up to 2L of O2 without an order
● Hypoxemia= insufficient O2 in arterial blood
Hypoxia= inadequate O2 on cellular level
Hypercarbia=retention of CO2
Kahoot Questions
Anemia which is from inability to absorb iron→ Pernicious Anemia
Taking oral iron with this helps absorption→ orange juice (vitamin C)
Food groups high in iron→ dark chocolate, apricots, nuts
Sickle cell nurse priorities → hydration, oxygen, pain control
Incr. oral intake is the therapy of choice for pernicious anemia→ false

Blood smear in iron deficiency anemia shoes this appearance→ microcytic microchromic (iron
carries heme)
Priority management with severe anemia→ lightheadedness
Numbness and tingles are associated most with which form of anemia→ pernicious anemia
(result of the accommodating B12 deficiency)
Black, tarry stool are a side effect of oral iron supplementation → FALSE (tarry is a GI bleed
result) (stools that are dark are a result, the tarry characteristic is what makes this false
)
Fetal hemoglobin can protect infants from sickle cell for up to 6 months: TRUE