No545 a mother came to the pediatric clinic with her

NO.545 A mother came to the pediatric clinic with her 17- month-old child. The mother would like to
begin toilet training. What should the nurse teach her about implementing toilet training?
A. Take two or three favorite toys with the child.
B. Have a child-sized toilet seat or training potty on hand.
C. Explain to the child she is going to "void" and "defecate."
D. Show disapproval if she does not void or defecate.
Answer: B
Explanation:
(A) Giving her toys will distract her and interfere with toilet training because of inappropriate
reinforcement. (B) A child-sized toilet seat or training potty gives a child a feeling of
security. (C) She should use words that are age appropriate for the child. (D) Children should be
praised for cooperative behavior and/or successful evacuation.
NO.546 A 72-year-old client with a new colostomy is being evaluated at the clinic today for
constipation. When discussing diet with the client, the nurse recognizes that which one of the
following foods most likely caused this problem?
A. Fried chicken
B. Eggs
C. Tapioca
D. Cabbage
Answer: C
Explanation:
(A) Fried, greasy food, such as fried chicken, will produce diarrhealike stools in individuals with all
types of GI ostomies. (B) Eggs will cause odor-producing stools in individuals with all types of GI
ostomies. (C) Tapioca and rice products will cause constipation in individuals with all types of GI
ostomies. (D) Cabbage will cause odor-producing and flatus-producing stools in individuals with all
types of GI ostomies.
NO.547 A client hospitalized with a medical diagnosis of adjustment disorder versus personality
disorder states, "Nobody cares about the clients." The nurse's most effective response would be:
A. "How can you say that I don't care? We just met."
B. "What makes you think the nurses don't care?"
C. "You will feel differently about us in a few days."
D. "You seem angry. Tell me more about how you feel."
Answer: D
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Explanation:
(A) This statement is a defensive response that places the nurse in a vulnerable countertransference
position, and at the same time, fails to challenge the client's "splitting" behavior. (B) This statement is
a defensive response by the nurse. In addition, this type of nontherapeutic statement requests that
the client explain the reasons for her behavior, a difficult task for an individual with limited insight.
(C) This statement is a nontherapeutic response that both ignores the intensity of the client's
emotions and the dynamics underlying "splitting" behavior. (D) By simultaneously acknowledging the
client's emotional intensity and gently challenging her "splitting" behavior, the nurse addresses the
client's current distortions and prepares for further interventions with angry or ambivalent feelings.
NO.548 A 15-year-old client was diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis at 8 months of age. He is in the
hospital for a course of IV antibiotic therapy and vigorous chest physiotherapy. He has a poor
appetite. The nurse can best help him to meet the desired outcome of consuming a prescribed
number of calories by:
A. Including the client in planning sessions to select the type of meal plan and foods for his diet
B. Working with the nutritionist to devise a diet with significantly increased calories
C. Selecting foods for the client's diet that are high in calories and instituting a strict calorie count
D. Constantly providing him with chips, dips, and candies, because the number of calories consumed