Mary tries to reinforce catholicism in england 1558

Mary tries to reinforce Catholicism in England
● 1558 dies
○ She thinks she’s pregnant but it’s cancer
Lady Elizabeth
● 1558, 25 years old
○ Not an easy life like Mary
● Relatively fervent evangelical
● Focus on rule not religion
○ Stabilizing England from religious turmoil
● Act of Uniformity 1559
○ Reinforces Book of Common Prayer but less extreme version
○ You have to go to church but that’s all
■ Can give lip service
■ Won’t look at souls
○ Leave images
● No more reform or persecutions
● Dies 1603
○ Rules for a very long time
○ No marriage though, so succession of throne less clear
Dangers
● Still only Protestant monarch in Europe
● Catholic Heir: Mary, Queen of Scots
○ Becomes lightning rod for those who are discontent with Elizabeth’s rule
● 1569: Rebellion of the Northern Earls
○ Rise in rebellion against Elizabeth and in support of putting Mary on throne
● 1570: Pope excommunicates
○ Won’t hurt soul if you kill Elizabeth
● 1571, 1583, 1586: Plots!
○ Lots of plots to put Mary on throne
● 1588: Spanish Armada

○ Navy manages to defeat invading Philip
○ Bad weather destroys most of Spanish fleet
■ “Protestant Wind”
● Elizabeth always looking over her shoulder and wary of Scotland
Scottish Problems
● Auld Alliance with France
○ To protect themselves from England, which is richer
● 1542 James V killed in battle with English
● Mary, Queen at 1 week old
● Mary of Guise (French mother) regent
● 1544-1551: “Rough Wooing”
○ War to force Mary to marry Edward who will soon be king
● 1548-1560: To France
○ Mary of Guise smuggles Mary of Scots to France where she lives in court
● 1558: Marry heir to French throne
Scottish Protestants
● Minority: 1558 10% of population
● Many in upper class
○ John Stewart (king’s son)
● Some to exile: John Knox
○ Catholic priest who gets fired up
● Little prosecution
● Concerns about succession
○ Heir could rule over France and Scotland
■ Scotland would play second fiddle
● Lords of the Congregation (1558)
○ Support Protestant Reformation
○ Assure Scottish independence