Angel island san francisco immigration center 4

3. Angel Island: San Francisco immigration center
4. Fordism:
Early twentieth-century term describing the economic system pioneered by Ford
Motor Company based on high wages and mass consumption
5. Scientific Management:
A program that sought to streamline production and boost profits by
systematically controlling costs and work practices
6. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW):
Radical union organized in Chicago in 1905 and
nicknamed the Wobblies; its opposition to World War I led to its destruction by the federal
government under the Espionage Act.
7. Collective Bargaining:
The process of negotiations between an employer and a group of
employees to regulate working conditions.
8. New Feminism:
Women's emancipation movement in the social, economic, cultural, and sexual
spheres
9. Birth Control Movement:
A reform movement espousing the idea that right to control of
one's body included the ability to enjoy an active sexual life without necessarily bearing women.
Emma Goldman and Margaret Sanger were the leaders of this movement
10. Society of American Indians:
Founded in 1911, the Society of American Indians was a reform
organization typical of the era. It brought together Indian intellectuals to promote discussion of
the plight of Native Americans in the hope that public exposure would be the first step toward
remedying injustice.
11. Social Legislation:
A term orginating in Germany that referred to governmental action to
address urban problems and the insecurities of working-class life
12. 17
th
Amendment:
(1913) Progressive reform that required U.S. senators to be elected directly
by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures
13. Maternalist Reforms:
Policies such as mothers' pensions designed to improve the living
standards of poor mothers and children.
14. Muller vs. Oregon:
A famous brief citing scientific and sociological studies to demonstrate that
because they had less strength and endurance than men, long hours of labor were dangerous for
women, while their unique ability to bear children gave the government a legitimate interest in
their working conditions
15. Workmen’s Compensation Laws:
Laws enacted to benefit workers, male or female, injured
on the job.
16. Conservation Movement:
Movement under President Theodore Roosevelt, who ordered
millions of acres of land to be set aside as wildlife preserves and encouraged Congress to create
new national parks.
17. 16 th Amendment:
(1913) Legalized the federal income tax
18. New Freedom:
Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of
1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up
monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete
19. New Nationalism:
the platform of the Progressive Party and slogan of former president
Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; it stressed government activism,
including regulation of trusts, conservation, and recall of state court decisions that had nullified
progressive programs.