References wicks nelson r israel ac 2013 abnormal

References:
Wicks-Nelson, R. & Israel, A.C. (2013). Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology with DSM 5 Update . Boston: Pearson
Education, Inc.
Question 32 of 38
5.0 Points
Summarize four patterns of infant-caretaker attachment and their relationship to later adjustment. Be specific.
Four patterns of infant-caretaker attachment are secure attachment, insecure attachment avoidant type, insecure attachment
resistant type, and disorganized/disoriented attachment. Infants that display secure attachment to caregivers will seek contact with
that caregiver when distressed by caregiver separation. As a securely attached infant, as they age will display adaptive behavior
such as competence and positive peer interactions. Insecure attachment avoidant type infants display less signs of distress and
ignore their caregiver and insecure attachment resistant type infants display distress and ineffectively make attempts to seek
contact with their caregiver. Infants with disorganized/disoriented attachment display behaviors that are contradictory such as both
seeking and avoiding their caregiver. These infants are also display expressions that are undirected, misdirected and interrupted. As
infants with both insecure attachment and more with disorganized/disoriented attachment grow to have maladaptive behaviors
such as aggression, anxiety, and academic deficits.

such as aggression, anxiety, and academic deficits.
References:
Wicks-Nelson, R. & Israel, A.C. (2013). Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology with DSM 5 Update. Boston: Pearson Education,
Inc.
Question 33 of 38
5.0 Points
Contrast the authoritative, authoritarian, neglectful, and indulgent/permissive styles of parenting and the child characteristics
associated with each style.
The different parenting styles are authoritative, authoritarian, neglectful, and indulgent/permissive. Authoritative parenting
involves the use of rules because the parents assume full control expecting children to follow these rules and follow through with
consequences. The parents are often warm, accepting, and receptive to their children’s needs. Children of authoritative parents are
typically independent, self confident, social and socially responsible. Authoritarian parenting style is when parents provide strict
rules that are not to be challenged. With this style although it promotes child independence and individuality parents are cold to
their children. With the neglectful parenting style the emotional needs of the child are often overlooked and parents are uninvolved
with their children. Parents with indulgent/permissive style of parenting often do not set rules and boundaries for children allowing
them to regulate their own behavior and impulses. Children of authoritarian, neglectful, and indulgent/permissive styles of
parenting are typically aggressive, withdrawn, dependent, irresponsible and have low self esteem. They also demonstrate antisocial
behavior, school issues and anxiety.
References:
Wicks-Nelson, R. & Israel, A.C. (2013). Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology with DSM 5 Update. Boston: Pearson Education,
Inc.