First complex level of political organization was the

 First complex level of political organization was the Medes who were

-Regional, trans-regional, and global structures/organizations conquered by the Persians.
 Divided the empire into 20 providences led by a satrap who had to be
connected to the royal family.
 Darius the First establish a system of providences and tributes, and
expanded control in the East and West.
- Gave more opportunities and control to Persians than the Medes.
- Had the biggest Empire.
 Administrators and scribes were trained mostly in the center of the Empire.
- Admids. Distributed food and essentials to large numbers of diverse
people.
Greece
 Athens used it’s power to promote economic interests
- Collected money and used it towards architecture and the arts.
- Was protected by armies or private citizens, which were mostly
farmers.
 Had tyrants, which were people who help power in violation of political
traditions of the community and gained control.
 Leaned toward more on democracy by still mostly applied to men.
 Tyrants and middle class rose because wanting democracy that also applied
to them so that they can gain political rights.
 Took part in the Persian Wars lead by Xerxes who later failed.
- Was in war with Sparta when they launched invasions towards
Athens.
- Athens lacked financial and military support as Sparta prevailed
because of their strong military and Persian help.
 Making the 1
st
alphabet, they had advantages in systems of writings and
applied it to technology, forms of literature, law codes, and religious
dedications and gravestones.
Interaction between humans and the environment
-Demography and disease
-Migration
-Patterns of settlement
-Technology
Persian and Iran
 1 millennium B.C.E. irrigation enables people to move down from
mountains to open plains of agriculture.
- Bounded by Zargos mountains to the west.
 Interrogation channels underground to prevent water to evaporate from
harsh climate.
 Mountain slopes and wood provided fuel and materials for crafts they
could trade with because the lacked agriculture.