Is any political or social belief that justifies

is any political or social belief that justifies treating people
differently according to racial origins.
 Ethnicity is a combo of racial, cultural, & historical characteristics by
which societies divide into hostile political families. Raises question of
national identity.
o Ethical identity evident in Maccabbi Games (Jewish Olympic
Games)
 Sport, racism and ethnicity contribute to a # of racist beliefs about diff
peoples ability to play sports well.
 Sport is implicated into campaigns against racism.
o Needed to have “Race Relations Act” to get rid of racism
 Sport brought change to South Africa during apartheid
o African National Congress slogan- “Can’t have normal sport in
abnormal society.” Due to apartheid or separatism because of
multi-racial/anti-racial sport in S.A.

 1968 Mexico Olympic Games  Black Power by black American people to
protest against their treatment and increase awareness of politics of
participation in sports by talented black athletes.
o 1
st
class while running during Olympics and 2
nd
class after games
 Race & ethnicity part of imperialism and post-colonialism
 1990’s “new politics of race and racism” showed conflicting feelings to
Eurocentric (respect for western culture) discourses and its politics
o challenged whiteness as the “universal norm” and created diff
vocab for repping racism, race, border relations of countries
 Norbert Elias had prejudice situations that made outsiders which causes
probs to life for locals and tension grows. Locals have b/w resources and
more respect than new comers. (“intruders, invaders with no
entitlements”). Explains conflict situation due to prejudice in racial/ethnic
situations
o Challenged “whiteness” as the “universal norm” and created diff
vocab for repping racism, race, border relations of countries
 Carrington/McDonald Link between theory and policy in case of racial
equality is challenge to social change.
 Politics of race, ethnicity, and sport are changing and have political
significance to imperialism religion and post colonialism
 Anti-globalization are aligned with ethnic movements
Globalization
 Globalization theories focus on spread of sport across globe in economy,
culture, and political terms.
o Argue that nation state and the national are not as important as
global or European/Celtics
 2 competing concepts of Globalism 
o 1. Community of human citizens for which a group of
environmentalists work and speak in terms of global thinking and
acting
o 2. Unregulated free market capital is king or queen and poor
struggle due to deregulation, privatization and international
corporations
 markets decision pensions in our old age, people suffering in
health in Africa will be treated & what forms of sports will be
supported/ imposition of football clubs?