Henry of Navarre technically becomes king, but people don’t accept
him as he is Protestant
He continues to grow militarily until he takes control of the majority of
France as well as Paris
o
He faces strong Catholic opposition, so he converts to
Catholicism
o
Navarre takes on the name
of Bourbon
♦
Bourbon and French Hegemony
o
Henry of Navarre (now Bourbon, also known as Henry VI) asks for an
annulment of his marriage from Marguerite de Medici (daughter of
Catherine de Medici) as she cannot have children
o
He is granted it and he marries Marie de Medici – their son is
Louis XIII
o
he wants to create a national
church
o
He brings in another Edict of Toleration (Edict of Nantes
1598)
o
The Protestants get a state of 75 walled towns to call
their own
o
His long term goal is “one faith, one law, on king”
o
Gallican (Gaul)
church, a Church that runs its own affairs
o
Territory: he must counter the
Spanish, work out a consolidation with the nobles and various territories
o
He is assassinated in 1610
♦
Louis XIII
o
At the time of Henry IV’s death, Louis is 8 years old, so Marie
de Medici becomes Regent
o
During her time, the situation for the Protestants declines rapidly
o
Louis XIII’s Chief Minister, Cardinal de Richelieu sees them as a problem
and doesn’t want them in France
o
In 1632, Protestants rebel against Richelieu, but it fails_ he makes a
move against Protestant towns
o
In 1685, the final revocation of the Edict of Nantes comes, and leads to
some centralized government
In 1645, Louis and Richelieu die, which creates upheaval and no
surety about where France will do at this point
o
There is a civil war at the level of the nobles (the Fronde) who feels that
their authority is being curbed
o
Louis XIV becomes king with a Queen Regent
o
In 1651, there is a
consolidation and
o
With the Peace of Westphalia ain 1648, France come out as the dominant
power in Europe
o
Louis XIV become the symbol of it "The Sun King"
8. Religion: Late Medieval Piety
♦
Sin – disobedience of God
When the world is created, everything is perfect. But God sets out
one rule - do anything you want, but don’t eat the apple from ‘the tree
of knowledge & of good and evil’
o
Satan comes to Eve as a snake and convinces her to eat the apple
o
God throws Adam and Eve out of the garden of Eden
o
To pay
punishment for this sin, Jesus comes to earth as God in the human form –
he is crucified in the New Testament
o
Peter (a disciple) is appointed to create Church for redeeming sins
o
Thus the Catholic Church becomes the only vehicle through which you
can fix the rupture with God (sin)
o
Original sin is eternal punishment - you go to heaven or hell
o
Individual
sin gives us temporal punishment
o
You can work it off during your lifetime by doing pilgrimages, charity, etc.
o
But when we die, we still won’t have worked away all of our sins, so we
enter purgatory, where you must wait and work off more of your sin before
getting into heaven
o
One’s time in purgatory may be long or short depending upon how
good/bad your life was lived
o
