Ventilation guidelines—Recommended quantity of ventilation air needed to provideacceptable health and comfort conditions in buildings.Venturi scrubber—Particle control device that achieves high collection efficiency byusing large quantities of small water droplets.Glossary464
Virtual impactor—Sampling device that fractionates particles into coarse and finemodes by impacting them on a “virtual surface” of a slow-moving column of air; seeDichotomous sampler.Visibility—Visual quality of the atmosphere relative to color and contrast; typicallydescribed as a function of distance.Visual range—Distance that a dark object can be clearly seen against its surroundings.VOCs—Volatile organic compounds with boiling points in the range of 50–100 to 240–260°C.Washout—Process by which particles and gases are removed from the atmosphere byfalling precipitation.Wet deposition—Removal of pollutants from the atmosphere by precipitation-relatedprocesses.Wet scrubbers—Pollution control systems wherein pollutants are removed by bringingthem into contact with water or a watery media.Wind—Physical characterization of atmospheric motion relative to speed and direction.Working level—Measure of energy associated with radon decay products.Glossary465
IndexAAbsorptionsampling by 221control systems 339–342Accuracy 223, 226–228Acetaldehydeatmospheric lifetime 45emissions from motor vehicles 314–315filtration, indoor air 390oxidation in atmosphere 43, 48regulation as toxic pollutant 280Acetylene 44Acidaerosols,seeAerosols, acidclouds 198effects on humans 159fogs, effects on forest trees 192formation in atmosphere 38mist, new source performance standard 273neutralizing capacity (ANC) 109–110, 197precipitation 107precursors 107rain 106sulfates, effects on humans 161Acidic depositioncontrol 263, 267long-range transport 108pH values 238phenomenon of 106–110requirements for control ofnitrogen oxides 277sulfur oxides 277Acidification, episodic 109–110Acid-sensitive ecosystems 109, 197Acidsbromic 117–118dicarboxylic 46, 49, 62hydrochloric,seeHydrochloric acidhypochlorous,seeHypochlorous acidnitric,seeNitric acidnitrous,seeNitrous acidsulfuric,seeSulfuric acidsulfurous,seeSulfurous acid
Acroleinby-product of combustion 45effects on humans 149, 166in indoor air 364–365, 370–371Activated carbon use inpollutant control 264, 305, 337–339sampling 221–222Additive effects onhuman health 144plants 190Adsorption, use inpollutant control 264, 305, 337–339sampling 221–222Aerodynamic equivalent diameter of particles 56, 162, 218Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) 230Aerosolsacid effects on humans 161acid neutralization by ammonia 38–39, 42dust, 27effects on climate 129, 131effects on visibility 97, 103fume 27mist 27stratospheric sulfate 121, 124sulfate 99, 135urban 57Afterburners 336Airambient 23cleaning, indoor air 389–390flowsconvective 15cyclonic 15–16pollutants, hazardous,seeHazardous air pollutantspristine 95, 273–274toxics 156, 167, 231Air Monitoring StationsNational (NAMS) 230–231State and Local (SLAMS) 229–230, 235Air motionmacroscale 71mesoscale 71, 81microscale 71synoptic scale 71Air pollutionepisodes 141–142, 144odor 211, 213personal 175–177potential, forecasts 90thermal 104Air quality,seeNational Ambient Air Quality StandardsAct, 1967 266Index468
Upload your study docs or become a
Course Hero member to access this document
Upload your study docs or become a
Course Hero member to access this document
End of preview. Want to read all 519 pages?
Upload your study docs or become a
Course Hero member to access this document
