Can only replicate using host immediate or dormant

Can only replicate using host-
immediate or dormant (herpes)
fungi Large; live on body as normal flora,
single celled, thick cell wall, do not
have peptidoglycan, contain nuclear
membrane, ER, mitochondria,
secretory apparatus
Mycotoxicosis-dx caused by
ingestion of fungal toxins
Amanita mushroom-hepatotoxin-
liver failure, tx: transplant/dialysis
Aspergillus flavus-aflatoxins-
hepatotoxic/tumor causing; in
spoiled grain or peanuts
Resist PCN and
cephalosporin
Mycosis related dx usually
mild unless cause
opportunisitic infection
Tineas-scalp (capitis), feet
(pedis) groin/jock itch
(cruris) hair, skin, nails-
dermatophytes
Main groups-yeast and molds
Candida-yeast, reproduce by
budding
Molds-reproduce by hyphae-
long hollow branching
filaments
Strep/staph Cocci-round spherical

Chain-strep
Cluster-staph
E. Coli Bacilli-rod
Syphilis Spirochets-helical
Mycoplasm
a
pneumoniae
Pleomorphic-no shape
Clostridium Spore forming, Become dormant and
impervious to host defenses
Rickettsia Rod, spherical or pleomorphic Spread by insects ex: ticks
Taxonomy Species based of similar broad
features ie: staphylococcal
Gram - Thin walls prevent retention of stain
Extra membrane more resistant to
abx
Ex: gonorrhea, meningitis,
salmonella, shigella, klebsiella
Endotoxins released when
lysed-fever low bp, DIC,
septic shock
Gram + Retain purple gram stain, release
exotoxins (type I, type II, type III)
Ex: staph, strep, bacillus (anthrax)
and clostridium (tetanus)
Secrete teichoic acid-protect against
complement mediated lysis
Type 1- stimulate over
production of
proinflammatory cytokines
ie: food poisoning staph
aureus, toxic shock syndrome
staph aureus, scarlet fever
strep pyogenes
Type 2- damage cell
membrane, ie: strep,
penumoniae, some e. coli, c.
perfringes which cause
gangrene
Type 3- enter cell, cause
damage ie: clostridium and
shigella
Acid fast
bacilli
Thick walls composed of lipids,
slow growth, abx must be given for
months or years
Cultures take 8 weeks
Ex: TB, Leprosy, M. Avium
Aerobic Myst have o2 to live Pseudomonas gram- aerobic
bacillus: chronic resp dx
found in soil/water
Gram +: anthrax, food
poisoning (rice)
Anerobic Cant grow with o2 Bacteroides-sepsis,
peritonitis, abscesses,
bacteriodes fragilis most
common-colon, vagina-
normal flora
ie: clostridium gram+ rod

tetanus-spastic paralysis-lock
jaw (soil), botulism-blocks
release of acetylcholine-
descedning paralysis (soil,
improper canning), c.diff-
pseudomembranous colitis-
Faculatative anerobes can grow in either ie: e coli
k. Identify the clinical manifestations associated with infectious diseases.
l. Differentiate between exogenous and endogenous pyrogens.
Endogenous- arising from break in mucosa, not communicable
Exogenous-
m. Examine the pathological effects and properties of streptococci, staphylococcal,
VRE, E coli, and candida infections.
Streptococci-gram
positive
Group A beta-hemolytic (strep pyogenes)- fevers, strep
throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, post strep
glomerulonephritis; capsules have hyaluronic acid-resist
phagocytosis strep o protein destroys rbcs and wbcs,
develop antibodies-aso titer used to dx infection,
streptokinase-dissolves clots so bacteria excapes;
exotoxins released; A-streptococcal toxic shock