Question 788 diabetes mellitus is a disorder that

Question 788
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that affects 3.1 out of every 1000 children younger than 20 years old. It is
characterized by an absence of, or
marked decrease in, circulating insulin. When teaching a newly diagnosed diabetes client, the nurse
includes information on the functions of
insulin:
A. Transport of glucose into body cells and storage of glycogen in the liver
B. Glycogenolysis and facilitation of glucose use for energy
C. Glycogenolysis and catabolism
D. Catabolism and hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: A
(A) Lack of insulin causes glycogenolysis, catabolism, and hyperglycemia. (B) Insulin promotes the
conversion of glucose to glycogen for
storage and regulates the rate at which carbohydrates are used by cells for energy. (C) Insulin is anabolic
in nature. (D) Glucose stimulates
protein synthesis within the tissue and inhibits the breakdown of protein into amino acids.
Question 789
A 14-year-old boy has had diabetes for 7 years. He takes 30 U of NPH insulin and 10 U of regular insulin
every morning at 7 AM. He eats breakfast
at 7:30 AM and lunch at noon. What time should he expect the greatest risk for hypoglycemia?
A.9 AM
B.1PM
C.11 AM
D. 3PM

Correct Answer: C
(A) This time is incorrect because regular insulin would peak after the teenager has eaten breakfast. (B)
This time is incorrect because it is after lunch when the NPH peaks. (C) Regular insulin peaks in 23 hours
and has a duration of 46 hours. NPH insulins onset is 46 hours and peaks in 816 hours. Blood sugar
would peak after meals and be lowest before meals and during the night. (D) This time is incorrect
because it is before the NPH and after the regular insulin peak times.
Question 790
A 16-year-old diabetic girl has been selected as a cheerleader at her school. She asks the nurse whether
she should increase her insulin when she
is planning to attend cheerleading practice sessions lasting from 8 to 11 AM. The most appropriate
answer would be:
A. "You should ask your doctor about this."
B. "Yes, increase your insulin by 1 U for each hour of practice because exercise causes the body to need
more insulin."
C. "No, do not increase your insulin. Exercise will not affect your insulin needs."
D. "No, do not increase your insulin, but eating a snack prior to practice exercise will make insulin more
effective and move more glucose into
the cells."
Correct Answer: D
(A) A nurse can give this information to a client. (B) Exercise makes insulin more efficient in moving more
glucose into the cells. No more insulin is needed. (C) Exercise makes insulin more efficient unless the
diabetes is poorly controlled. (D) Exercise makes insulin more efficient in moving more glucose
into the cells.
Question 791
The physician decides to prescribe both a short-acting insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin for a
newly diagnosed 8-year-old diabetic client.