Stimuli that are naturally reinforcing are referred

82. Stimuli that are naturally reinforcing are referred to as ____, whereas stimuli that develop
reinforcing properties through association are called ____.
83. Most psychologists define learning as 84. Your significant other gives you a compliment, and you smile at him/her. The probability that
s/he will give you another compliment increases. This is an example of which type of learning?
85. A response to an unconditioned stimulus requiring no previous experience is referred to as a(n)
____.
86. The most surprising element in Garcia’s research on taste aversion was that 87. Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and is not revealed in performance when it
occurs is referred to as
88. An environmental cue or event whose significance is learned through classical conditioning is
referred to as a(n) ____.
89. Cognitive learning involves
90. Dr. Emmanuel demonstrates a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment for his psychology
class. Emmanuel pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and then asks the class,
“What is the neutral stimulus called now?” The correct answer is

91. Which of the following best describes charted data for a variable interval schedule of
reinforcement?
92. Alejandra, a resident of lower Manhattan, suffers from PTSD after witnessing the attack on the
twin towers of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. A certain acrid burning smell can
trigger intense feelings of jitteriness and distress for her. This is an example of ____.