Working memory limited magic last 7 20 seconds long

Working memory: limited magic, last 7-20 seconds
● long-term memory : unlimited
Serial effects
● Primary effects: remember when you hear it first
● Recency effects: remember when you hear it last
Memory over the lifespan
● Infantile amnesia
● Peak
● Post-peak correlates
Theories of forgetting
● Decay: when you encode somethings, it’s very clear but fading as time past
● Interference
○ Proactive: interference that moving forward
○ Retroactive: when new information interference old information
● Repression
Three causes of false memory
● Schemas
● Repeated assertions
● Heavy marijuana use
Loftus eye-witness study
Psychology’s contribution to criminal line-ups
State dependency
● Mood
● Level of consciousness
● Context
Memory tricks
● Mneumonic device
● Chunking
● Spacing
Most effective memory strategy
● Testing
● Feedback
Seven memory problems (absent mindedness, transience, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence)
Episodic vs semantic memory
Proactive vs retroactive interference
Flashbulb memories : huge impact (significant/ emotional events)
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Memory disorders
● Organic: external physical causes
● Dissociative: amnesias & fugues, dementias
Memory pills
● Limited to age, related memory/loss
● Only helps some effects

Thought & Problem Solving
Bias blind spot
Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias
Three types of problems & examples
● Structure problems: one in which you must discover the relation
○ Ex: serius question (2,4,6,8,10) ; anology question
● Arrangement problems: one in which you must arrange part of the problem
○ Ex: anagram (LFY ---> FLY), String problem
● Transformation problems: one in which you need to carry out a sequence of transformation
○ Water jar problem
What screws us up in general (4)?
● Irrelevant information
● Functional fixedness
● Mental Set
● Unnecessary constraints.