How much force must a locomotive exert on a 12000 kg

13. How much force must a locomotive exert on a 12,000-kg boxcar
to make it accelerate forward at 0.4 m/s
2
?
14. How long will it take the boxcar in Problem 13 to reach its
cruising speed of 100 km/h (62 mph or 28 m/s)?
15. The builders of the pyramids used a long ramp to lift 20,000-kg
(22-ton) blocks. If a block rose 1 m in height while traveling 20 m
along the ramp’s surface, how much uphill force was needed to push
it up the ramp at constant velocity?
P.15 9800 N.
16. How much work was done in raising one of the blocks in
Problem 15 to a height of 50 m?
17. What is the gravitational potential energy of one of the blocks in
Problem 15 if it’s now 75 m above the ground?
18. As water descends from the top of a tall hydroelectric dam, its
gravitational potential energy is converted to electric energy. How
much gravitational potential energy is released when 1000 kg of
water descends 200 m to the generators?
19. The tire of your bicycle needs air so you attach a bicycle pump to
it and begin to push down on the pump’s handle. If you exert a
downward force of 25 N on the handle and the handle moves
downward 0.5 m, how much work do you do?
P.19 12.5 J.
20. You’re using a wedge to split a log. You are hitting the wedge
with a large hammer to drive it into the log. It takes a force of 2000 N
to push the wedge into the wood. If the wedge moves 0.2 m into the
log, how much work have you done on the wedge?
P.20 You have done 400 joules of work on the wedge.
21. The wedge in Problem 20 acts like a ramp, slowly splitting the
wood apart as it enters the log. The work you do on the wedge,
pushing it into the log, is the work it does on the wood, separating its
two halves. If the two halves of the log only separate by a distance of
0.05 m while the wedge travels 0.2 m into the log, how much force is
the wedge exerting on the two halves of the log to rip them apart?
P.21 8000 N.
22. You’re sanding a table. You must exert a force of 30 N on the
sandpaper to keep it moving steadily across the table’s surface. You
slide the paper back and forth for 20 minutes, during which time you
move it 1000 m. How much work have you done?
1. The chairs in an auditorium aren’t all facing the same direction.
How could you describe their angular positions in terms of a
reference orientation and a rotation?
E.1 The angle by which the front, center seat would have to
be rotated, as viewed from above, to have each seat’s
orientation.
2. When an airplane starts its propellers, they spin slowly at first and
gradually pick up speed. Why does it take so long for them to reach
their full rotational speed?