Solution of minerals gasses and organic molecules

solution of
minerals,
gasses and
organic
molecules
Removes
waste
material
Helps in cell
respiration
Converts
glucose into
energy
CELL
ORGANELLE
S
ENDOPLASMI
C RETICULUM
Passageway
for the
transport of
materials
w/n the cell
RIBOSOMES
Sites of
protein
synthesis
GOLGI
APPARATUS
Synthesize
carbohydrat
es
MITOCHONDR
IA
Site of
energy
production
LYSOSOMES
Contain
digestive
enzyme that
destroy
engulfed
other
cellular
debris
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NRG202 | Pharmacology

DDC – NRG202
PHARMACOLOGY
S.Y. 2021-2022
CENTRIOLES
Organize
the spindle
fiber during
cell division
CILIA and
FLAGELLA
Sweep
materials
across the
cell surface
NUCLEUS
Control
center of the
cell
SIX CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
 Substances obtained from food and used
in the body to provide energy and
structural materials and to serve as
regulating agents to promote growth,
maintenance, and repair.
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
 Nutrients a person must obtain from
food because the body cannot make
them for itself in sufficient quantities to
meet physiological needs
MACRONUTRIENT
 nutrients that the body needs in large
amounts.
 provide energy (calories)
1. CARBOHYDRATES
 Organic compounds
(saccharides-starches and sugar)
composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen
 1gm of carbohydrates contains 4
calories
2. FATS
3. PROTEINS
CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES
 MONOSACCHARIDE
 DISACCHARIDE
 POLYSACCHARIDE
MONOSACCHARIDE (SIMPLE SUGAR)
 Simplest form of sugar
 Can be easily absorbed directly into the
bloodstream from the small intestine
(water soluble)
Ex:
1. Glucose - or blood sugar is the principal
form in w/c carbohydrate is used in the
body (fruits, corn syrup, sweetcorn)
2. Fructose - sweetest of simple
sugars(honey, fruits, vegetables)
3. Galactose - produced from lactose(milk
sugar) by digestion and converted into
glucose in the body.
DISACCHARIDES (DOUBLE SUGARS)
a) SUCROSE – ordinary table sugar
b) LACTOSE – milk sugar
 ex. Baby’s powdered milk
c) MALTOSE – (malt sugar) produced
during the malting of cereals such as
barley.
 Ex. Cereals, candies
POLYSACCHARIDE “COMPLEX SUGAR”
a) STARCH
 supply energy for longer period
of time. (rice, wheat, corn,
carrots and potatoes)
b) DEXTRINS
 formed by the breakdown of
starch
c) CELLULOSE
 forms the framework of plants
found in unrefined grains,
vegetable and fruits.
 main sources are stems and
leaves of vegetables, seed and
grain coverings, skin and hulls
d) PECTIN
 used as base for jellies
e) GLYCOGEN
 “animal starch” (meat and
seafoods)
-stop-
CARBOHYDRATES
Role in the Body:
Major source of energy for the body
Page 7 of 37
NRG202 | Pharmacology

DDC – NRG202
PHARMACOLOGY
S.Y. 2021-2022
Fuel during high intensity exercise
Fuel for the Central Nervous System (your
brain!)
FOOD SOURCES
Grains (whole grains)
sweet potatoes & white potatoes, bananas,
dried fruits
milk (lactose)
Sugar, honey
“EMPTY CALORIES”
Food which do not contain any other nutrients
except carbohydrates
PROTEINS
 Building blocks of the body
 Made up of amino acids which is the
basic component of protein.