After an article is submitted to a journal for

After an article is submitted to a journal for consideration, there can be a delay ranging from
several months to more than two years [1] before it is published in a journal, rendering journals a
less than ideal format for disseminating current research. In some fields such as astronomy and
some parts of physics , the role of the journal in disseminating the latest research has largely been
replaced by preprint repositories such as arXiv.org . However, scholarly journals still play an
important role in quality control and establishing scientific credit. In many instances, the
electronic materials uploaded to preprint repositories are still intended for eventual publication in
a peer-reviewed journal.
There is statistical evidence that electronic publishing provides wider dissemination. [2] A number
of journals have, while retaining their peer review process, established electronic versions or
even moved entirely to electronic publication.
Electronic publishing is increasingly popular in works of fiction as well as with scientific
articles. Electronic publishers are able to provide quick gratification for late-night readers, books
that customers might not be able to find in standard book retailers (erotica is especially popular
in eBook format
[ citation needed ]
), and books by new authors that would be unlikely to be profitable for
traditional publishers.
71
charles j. othina, lecturer, media dept, maseno university
MASENO UNIVERSITY ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED

While the term "electronic publishing" is primarily used today to refer to the current offerings of
online and web-based publishers, the term has a history of being used to describe the
development of new forms of production, distribution, and user interaction in regard to
computer-based production of text and other interactive media. [3]
72
charles j. othina, lecturer, media dept, maseno university
MASENO UNIVERSITY ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED

Music publisher (popular music)
A simple view, in the music industry , is that a music publisher (or publishing company ) is
responsible for ensuring the songwriters and composers receive payment when their
compositions are used commercially. However the role and growth of national and international
collection societies has altered the role of music publishers.
Through an agreement called a publishing contract , a songwriter or composer "assigns" the
copyright of their composition to a publishing company. In return, the company licenses
compositions, helps monitor where compositions are used, collects royalties and distributes them
to the composers. They also secure commissions for music and promote existing compositions to
recording artists , film and television . [1]
The term originally referred to publishers of sheet music . In the late 19th century sheet music
was the primary commercial use of musical compositions. Today, the two businesses have
diverged, and the large companies known as "music publishers" typically are no longer in the
business of producing printed music.