Improve collection of bills to 95 percent poverty

d. improve collection of bills to 95 percent.
Poverty
Introduction
What is Poverty?
 Poverty is defined as “a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the
financial resources and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life and well-being
that's considered acceptable in society” Economic Survey of Pakistan 2013-14
 Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions. It
includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary
for survival with dignity. Economic Survey of Pakistan 2013-14
 Low income per person. The state of being below an income level and regarded as poor
by a particular society. When a society up- grades, it immediately statistically enlarges
the poor sector of its population. In less developed countries, with large agricultural
sectors, income and earnings figures are not always available so indirect measures, e.g.

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the rates of change of unemployment and food consumption, and the lack of technical
progress are used as poverty indicators. Routledge Dictionary of Economics
Measurement of Poverty
 Most of the countries of the world define poverty in a uni-dimensional way, using
income or consumption level. In developing countries, consumption is more appropriate
than income as welfare indicator.
 Consumption is measured better than income in developing countries because of
difficulties in defining and measuring income for self-employed.
 In Pakistan household consumption is used as a welfare indicator.
 Poverty lines are the thresholds which separate the poor from non- poor.
 The level of INCOME just sufficient to provide minimum subsistence for an individual or
family. The social security legislation of a country usually defines it for the purposes of
paying out benefits. There is always much controversy over the appropriate minimum.
Even SMITH and RICARDO were reluctant to define it in terms of physical survival alone.
Routledge Dictionary of Economics
 Ministry of Planning and Development measures poverty on consumption based
approach using data from Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES)
 According to the World Bank’s Poverty Head Count Analysis 2014, if income per adult
in Pakistan is taken as $ 1.25 per day, then 21.04 percent of the population falls below
poverty line. But if the poverty line is raised to $ 2 per day in line with international
standards for middle income countries, then 60.19 percent of the population fall below
poverty line. Better than Bangladesh, India but SL, China in good position than Pakistan.
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2013-14
Reasons
 Economic Underdevelopment
 Misplaced priorities of State
 Post Independence state's nature
 Lack of access to basic infrastructure: 8%
 Lack of Uniform education system
 Flow of Capital?