Hemorrh age under direct arterial pressures how does

hemorrh
age
under
direct
arterial
pressures
. How
does the
design of
the
circulator
y
network
contribut
e to
reducing
blood
pressure
to avoid
this
scenario?
31) ___
___
A) Fluid loss from the arteries is high enough that pressure drops off
significantly by the time blood reaches the capillaries.
B) The total cross - sectional diameter of the arterial circulation
increases with progression from artery to arteriole to capillary,
leading to a reduced blood pressure.
C) Blood flow through the capillaries is essentially frictionless, and
this reduces the amount of pressure on their walls.
D) All of the above answers apply.
32) Baroreceptors are specialized pressure - sensing nerve cells that are
important in circulatory homeostasis. Where are these nerve cells
located in humans?
32) ______ 33) An animal has a cardiac output of 40 mL/min and a stroke volume of 5
mL. What is its heart rate?
33) ______ 34) Baroreceptors sensing a rapid increase in blood pressure will likely
result in _____.
34) ______

D) reduced cardiac output and constricted arterioles and veins
E) increased cardiac output and constricted arterioles and veins
35) Atria contract _____. 35) ______
A) just prior to the beginning of diastole
B) during systole
C) during diastole
D) immediately after systole
Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s).
Lymph hearts are pumping structures that drive lymph through the lymphatic system, returning
it to the circulatory system at the large veins entering the heart. Researchers examined rate and
strength of pumping of lymph hearts in two species of amphibians, a toad ( Bufo marinus ) and a
frog ( Rana catesbiana ). During hemorrhage or dehydration, the volume of blood in the circulatory
system falls. A hormone, arginine vasotocin (AVT), is released in these situations. The researchers
examined the effect of AVT on lymph heart function. They found that AVT increased pressure at
the lymph heart but did not affect the rate of lymph heart pumping. They also examined the
effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone that is released when blood volume is higher
than normal. (E. A. DeGrauw and S. S. Hillman. 2004. General function and endocrine control of
the posterior lymph hearts in Bufo marinus and Rana catesbiana . Physiological and Biochemical
Zoology 77(4):594–600.)
36) Refer to the paragraph on lymph hearts. What effect would increasing
lymph heart pressure have?
36) ______
37) Refer to the paragraph on lymph hearts. If atrial natriuretic peptide
(ANP) has an effect on the lymph hearts, what effect would logically be
predicted?
37) ______