damage caused by free radicals lipid peroxidation alteration of proteins

damage caused by free radicals lipid peroxidation, alteration of proteins, alteration of DNA, mitochondria 32 . lipid peroxidation destruction of polyunsaturated lipids 33 . Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage

34 . how do reactive oxygen species cause cellular damage damage the DNA, lipid peroxidation of membrane, and damage proteins 35 . chemical injury examples carbon tetrachloride, lead, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, social street drugs 36 . carbon tetrachloride cellular injury Liver (centrilobular necrosis, fatty change) 37 . *Lead (cellular injury) - causes chemical injury - interferes with the functions of calcium & affects include the nervous system, the hematopoietic system (tissues that produce blood cells), & the kidneys - alterations in calcium may interfere w/ NTS which may cause hyperactive behavior & proliferation of capillaries of the white matter & intercerebral arteries - can occur in adults who work w/ metal, environmental exposure, pottery 38 . carbon monoxide cellular injury - has a higher affinity for hemoglobin (300x) so it quickly binds w/ the hemoglobin, preventing oxygen molecules from doing so 39 . *Ethanol (cellular injury) - acute alcoholism mainly affects the CNS but may induce reversible hepatic & gastric changes 40 . Mercury (cell injury) ... 41 . blunt force injuries examples contusion, hematoma, abrasion, laceration, fractures 42 . blunt force injuries Application of mechanical energy to the body resulting in the tearing, shearing, or crushing of tissues 43 . contusion bruise, bleeding into the skin or underlying tissues 44 . hematoma collection of blood in soft tissue 45 . abrasion Scrape of the skin due to something abrasive 46 . laceration tear or rip resulting when tensile strength of skin or tissue is exceeded 47 . fracture blunt-force blows or impacts can cause bone to break or shatter 48 . sharp injuries incised wounds, stab wounds, puncture wounds, chopping wounds 49 . incised wound a cut that is longer than it is deep 50 . stab wound deeper than it is long

51 . puncture wound a soft tissue injury caused by the penetration of a sharp object 52 . chopping wound heavy edged instruments produce wounds with a combination of sharp and blunt force characteristics 53 . asphyxial injuries caused by a failure of cells to receive or use oxygen 54 . asphyxial injuries examples suffocation, strangulation, chemical asphyxiants, drowning 55 . suffocation oxygen failing to reach the blood 56 . strangulation caused by compression and closure of the blood vessels and air passages resulting from external pressure on the neck 57 . chemical asphyxiants prevent the delivery of oxygen to the tissues or block its utilization 58 . drowning alteration of oxygen delivery to tissues resulting from the inhalation of fluid 59 . infectious injury Pathogenicity of a microorganism Disease-producing potential depends on -Invasion and destruction -Toxin production -Production of hypersensitivity reactions 60 .