I hear you are finally retiring at the end of the

- I hear you are finally retiring at the end of the year, Bill. What will you do when you‘ve
stopped work?
- Absolutely nothing. I‘ ll have been working for this company for forty years by the end of
October, and I deserve a complete rest. My wife will have been working here for thirty
years by then, but she isn‘t retiring yet.
- As for me, I‘ ll have been working here for twenty years by January. Won‘t you be sorry
to leave, Bill?
- No, I won‘t. I‘ve been work ing too much lately and want a complete rest.
Ex. 57
Put the verbs in brackets into Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
1. By 7.00 p. m. they (play) cricket for eight hours.
2. I (finish) painting your room by the time you get home.
3. By the end of next month I (live) in London for exactly three years.
4. Tom (write) his third novel by the end of this year.
5. By the time he arrives in London, John (drive) for five hours.
6. This film (probably/no/finish) until midnight.
Ex. 58
Use the Future Perfect or the Future Perfect Continuous tense.
1. They will have completed/will have been completing the new bridge by the end of the
year.
2. By the end of this week I will have waited/will have been waiting seven weeks for my car
to be repaired.
3. Do you realize that on August 15 we will have lived/will have been living in this house
for fifty years?
4. I hope I will have finished/will have been finishing this report by the end of the day.
5. She will have left/will have been leaving before the children get home from school.
6. We will have flown/will have been flying non-stop for fourteen hours before we get to
Calcutta.
7. They will have completed/will have been completing their work by the end of the week.
I‘m sure you‘ll like it.
8. I will have finished/will have been finishing the housework by the time my parents come
home.
9. Your aunt will have cooked/will have been cooking dinner by the time we arrive.
10. It‘s the firm‘s anniversary next week. They will have made/will have been making
furniture for 50 years.

33
Present tenses in time clauses
Time words and
phrases
Example
when It‘ll be wonderful when scientists find/have found a cure for cancer.
as soon as Let me know as soon as your new computer arrives/ has arrived .
before It‘ll be several years before we send/have sent a manned mission to
Mars.
after Let‘s go for a pizza after we go/have been to the natural history
museum.
until / till
The rocket won‘t be launched until they do/have done a final check.
while Think of me while you travel/are traveling to the Moon!
once We‘ll stop for petrol once we pass/have passed Cambridge.

34
THE PASSIVE VOICE
As well as having tense distinctions, verbs in English possess voice characteristics. There are
two main voices in English: active and passive. The difference between them is that the subject
of a passive construction, unlike the subject of an active construction, is not the doer (agent) of
the action but the receiver of it, while the doer (agent) of a passive verb is expressed by the
object of the passive construction.