What is an indication for the use of estrogen

Question
Question
What is an indication for the use of estrogen receptor
modulators?
A. Postmenopausal osteoporosis
B. Hereditary angioedema
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Breast cancer

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Answer
Answer
A. Postmenopausal osteoporosis
Rationale: The indication for estrogen receptor
modulators is postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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Fertility Drugs
Fertility Drugs
•
Stimulate the female reproductive system
–
Cetrorelix ( Cetrotide ), Chorionic gonadotropin
( Pregnyl )
–
Chorionic gonadotropin alpha ( Ovidrel ), Clomiphene
( Clomid , and others)
–
Follitropin alfa ( Gonal-F )
–
Follitropin beta ( Follistim AQ ), ganirelix (generic),
menotropins ( Pergonal )
–
Urofollitropin( Bravelle )

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Fertility Drugs
Fertility Drugs
•
Actions
–
Directly or by stimulating the hypothalamus to increase
FSH and LH levels, leading to ovarian follicular
development and maturation of ova
•
Indications
–
Infertility in men and women
•
Pharmacokinetics
–
Well absorbed, undergo hepatic metabolism and renal
excretion

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Fertility Drugs (cont.)
Fertility Drugs (cont.)
•
Contraindications
–
Primary ovarian failure
–
Thyroid or adrenal dysfunction
–
Ovarian cysts
–
Pregnancy, idiopathic uterine bleeding, and known allergy
•
Caution
–
Breast feeding, thromboembolic disease, or respiratory
disease

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Fertility Drugs (cont.)
Fertility Drugs (cont.)
•
Adverse Effects
–
Increase risk of multiple births and birth defects
–
Ovarian overstimulation
–
Headache, fluid retention, nausea, bloating
–
Uterine bleeding, ovarian enlargement
–
Gynecomastia

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Nursing Considerations for
Patients Receiving Fertility Drugs
Nursing Considerations for
Patients Receiving Fertility Drugs
•
Assess-
–
History and physical
–
Known allergy
–
Primary ovarian failure or thyroid or adrenal
dysfunction
–
Uterine bleeding, pelvic and breast examinations and
appropriate lab values

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Prototype Fertility Drugs

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Prototype Fertility Drugs (Continued)
Prototype Fertility Drugs (Continued)

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Oxytocics
Oxytocics
•
Stimulate uterine contractions to assist labor (oxytocics)
or induce abortion (ab
–
Methylergonovine ( Methergine ), and oxytocin
( Pitocin)

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Oxytocics
Oxytocics
•
Actions
–
Affect neuroreceptors sites to stimulate contractions of
the uterus
•
Indications
–
Prevention and treatment of uterine atony after delivery
•
Pharmacokinetics
–
Rapidly absorbed, metabolized in the liver, and
excreted in urine and feces

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Oxytocics (cont.)
Oxytocics (cont.)
•
Contraindications
–
Allergy and early pregnancy
–
Cephalopelvic disproportion
•
Caution
–
Coronary artery disease, hypertension, lactation, and
previous Cesarean section