Fracturesanddislocationsare the most common traumatic injuries sustained by thebones. For the muscles,sprainandstrainare usual occurrences. An injury to the spinalcord is life-threatening. Cord injury may causeparalysisorparesisbelow the injured part.para= besidequadri-, tetra-= fourplegia=paralysisparesis=weaknessQParaplegia:paralysis of both legsQQuadriplegia/tetraplegia:paralysis of upper and lower extremitiesQParaparesis:weakness of the both legsQQuadriparesis/tetrapresis:weakness of all four extremitiesIn the previous sections, you learned that the suffix-itismeans inflammation. Study thefollowing list of infections affecting the musculoskeletal system:Qcellul/o(little cell)+itis=cellulitisQmy/o(muscle)+itis=myocellulitisQoste/o(bone)+itis=osteitisQchondro/o(cartilage)+itis=osteochondritisSeveral types of malignancies or tumors affect the muscles and the bones. They may beclassified asprimary(starts from the bones)orsecondary(starts from another tissue, butmetastasizes to the bone).Sarcomas=tumors that originate from the connective tissues, such as muscles andbonesQChondrosarcoma=chondro+sarcoma(masses of cartilage)QFibrosarcoma=fibro+sarcoma(tumor with fibrous tissue)
© PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017PAGE 48MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYLesson 3Alterations with metabolism can lead to bone destruction and problems with bone for-mation. The following combining words are associated with bone disorders arising frommetabolic problems:Qdeformans(deformity/ disfiguring):osteitis deformansQmalacia(softening):osteomalaciaQ-porosis(thinning):osteoporosisIn some instances, clients are born with developmental defects that cause skeletal mal-formation. Here are some examples:QSpina bifidabifida:divided into two partsQScoliosisscoliosis:curvatureQKyphosiskyphos:hunchbackQMuscular dystrophydys(bad) +trophy(nutrition)QCraniocelecrani/o(skull) +-cele(herniation)QTarsoptosistars/o(ankle) +-ptosis(prolapsed)Any disease of the joint is known asarthropathy. Describe the following medical termsbased on the meanings you learned in the previous chapters. Remember thatarthr/orefers to the joint.QArthroscopyQArthroscopeQArthrotomyQArthritisArthritisdenotes any joint inflammation. There are several types of arthritis:QOsteoarthritisQRheumatoid arthritisQSpondylarthritisQPolyarthritisOther connective tissue disorders include the following:QBursitis:inflammation of the bursaQLupus erythematosus:autoimmune disease involving the connective tissuesQGout:acute form of arthritis caused by a metabolic diseaseQAnkylosis:stiffening of the joints
© PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017PAGE 49MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYLesson 3SURGICAL AND THERAPEUTICINTERVENTIONSOrthopedicsurgeons perform surgical procedures to restore bones to their normal func-tion. Recall the following suffixes introduced in the previous sections:-plasty:repair-ectomy:removal or excision-otomy:creation of opening-centesis:extraction of fluid from a body cavityThe following are common surgical procedures associated with the musculoskeletalsystem:vertebroplastyvertebro + plastyrepair of the vertebraearthroplastyarthro + plastyrepair or reconstruction of a jointtendoplastytendo + plastyrepair of tendonsmyoplastymyo + plastyrepair of muscletendomyoplastytendo + myo + plastyrepair of the tendons and the musclescranioplastycranio + plastyrepair of the skullbunionectomy
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Term
Fall
Professor
Taemin
Tags
Physician
