A a prodrug relies on a functioning liver to be

a. A prodrug relies on a functioning liver to be converted to its active form. Captopril is not
a prodrug, and therefore it would be safer for the patient with liver dysfunction.
3. ANS: D
a. The physician would examine the fundus of a patient’s eyes during antihypertensive
therapy because it is a more reliable indicator than blood pressure readings of the long-
term effectiveness of treatment.
5. ANS: A
a. Sexual dysfunction is a common complication of antihypertensive medications and may
be manifested in men as decreased libido or impotence. The other options are incorrect.
6. ANS: C
a. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, calcium channel blockers and diuretics are
recommended as first-line therapy for management of hypertension in African-American
patients. The other drugs are not recommended as first-line drugs for this group.
7. ANS: B
a. Sexual dysfunction is a potential nursing diagnosis related to possible adverse effects of
antihypertensive drug therapy. The other nursing diagnoses are not appropriate.
8. ANS: A
a. Sodium nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator and may lead to extreme decreases in the
patient’s blood pressure. For this reason, it is never infused at the maximum dose for
more than 10 minutes. If this drug does not control a patient’s blood pressure after 10
minutes, it will most likely be ordered to be discontinued. The other times listed are
9. ANS: D
a. There is no cure for the disease, and treatment will be lifelong. The other answers are not
appropriate.
10. ANS: B
a. ACE inhibitors cause a characteristic dry, nonproductive cough that reverses when
therapy is stopped. The other drug classes do not cause this cough.
11. ANS: D
a. Methyldopa is used in the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy. The other options
are incorrect.
12. ANS: B

a. ACE inhibitors have been shown to have a protective effect on the kidneys because they
reduce glomerular filtration pressure. This is one reason that they are among the
cardiovascular drugs of choice for diabetic patients. The other drugs do not have this
effect.
13. ANS: C
a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can reduce the
antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. In addition, the use of NSAIDs and ACE
inhibitors may also predispose patients to the development of acute renal failure.
14. ANS: D
a. The older adult patient is more sensitive to the blood pressure–lowering effects of
vasodilators, and consequently experience more problems with hypotension, dizziness,
and syncope. The other options are incorrect.
15. ANS: A, C, F
a. Keeping a record of weekly blood pressure checks helps to monitor the effectiveness of
the therapy. Remind the patient not to stop taking the medication just because he or she is
feeling better. Abruptly stopping the medication may lead to rebound hypertension.