Change in frequency of stool and 3 onset associated

change in frequency of stool, and (3) onset
associated with change in appearance (form)
of stool. Diagnosis of IBS necessitates testing
to confirm the absence of structural or other
disorders. Stool studies, contrast x-ray studies,
and proctoscopy may be performed to rule out
other colon diseases. Barium enema and
colonoscopy may reveal spasm, distention, or
mucus accumulation in the intestine (Fig. 48-
2). Manometry and electromyography are
used to study intraluminal pressure changes
Clinical Manifestations:
An alteration in bowel patterns: constipation
(classified as IBS-C), diarrhea (classified as IBS-D),
or a combination of both (classified as IBS-A for
“alternating”).
Pain, bloating, and abdominal distention.
Pain is sometimes precipitated by eating;
frequently relieved by defecation.
Complications: Relevant Nursing Care:
Pt. and family education. Reinforce good dietary habits (e.g.,
avoidance of food triggers). Keep a 1- to 2-week symptom and
food diary. Although adequate fluid intake is necessary, fluid
should not be taken with meals because this results in abdominal
distention. Discourage alcohol & smoking. Encourage stress
management via relaxation techniques, cognitive-behavioral
therapy, yoga, and exercise.
Medications:
Hydrophilic colloids (i.e., bulk) and
antidiarrheal agents (e.g., loperamide) to
control diarrhea and fecal urgency.
Antidepressants treat underlying anxiety
and depression.
Anticholinergic or antispasmodic agents
(e.g., propantheline [Pro-Banthine])
↓smooth muscle spasm, decreasing
cramping and constipation.