O pima native american living in america is more

o Pima (native american) living in america is more likely to be
overweight than pima living in mexico
 Different life style
o There is genetic potencity to overweight, but in order to bring it out, you also have to have poor diet
o Brown fat
 More adapt to burning up the stored food componants (carbohydrates, fat, etc.)
 More brown fat -> more lean
o Overweight -> not enough brown fat
 Mouse with less brown fat continue to shiver in fridge while mouse with more brown fat
does not shiver after because it burns carbohydrate to generate heat
 Exercise converts white fat to brown fat!
8.2.5:
- Efficient body -> low basal metaboilic rate -> doe not take much energy to survive
o Low basal metabolic rate when young predicts obesity
o Basal metabolic rate increase as weight gained
o Therefore, basl metabolic rate is similar in obese and non-obese

- Setpoint theory
o Body has the weight that it is happy with in mind (not consciously)
 Basal metabolic rate will increase untill it mathces the setpoint
o How to reset the setpoint?
 Cut out calories somehow…
 But body resists to cutting back on calories
- Consequence of reducing Calories
o Reduce BMR
 To counter this, you need to exercise to increase BMR
- Bob Adelman’s weight loss example
o He was photographer (also photographed some special pictures of Martin Luther King)
Lesson 2: Weight Control II
8.3.1:
- What’s causing rise in obesity?
o Food intake
 North American agriculture produces 3900 calories per person per day
 Soft drinks -> High in sugar
 Sucrose is disaccharide (glucose + fructose)
 Glucose is metabolized differently from fructose
o Fructose energy is harder to use than glucose -> more fructose converted to fat
o Fructose is bigger problem in weight gain
- Dr. Robert Lusting (neuronendocrinologist at University of California)
o Sugars are metabolized differently
o Fructose is main contributer to weight gain because it does not blunt the appetite like other sugar
- Endocannabinoids
o THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) in marijuana resembles Anandamide
 Compound in marijuana that resembles compound in human body -> binds to same receptor
 Involved in ‘pleasure’
o Anandamide produced from dietary component
 Produced from linoleic acid (from poly unsaturated fats)
 Eating food high in linoleic acid gives us ‘pleasure’
 Some oils are high in linoleic acid
 Ex, soy oil
o Change soy oil to ‘high oleic acid soy oil’
 Soy are genetically modifed to produce high oleic acid, and low linoleic acid component
 Oleic acid is mono unsaturated fats
o Much less prone to oxidation
o Better for frying , and good to be used in foods
 Originally to avoid trans fat, but the side affect is weight loss
o Will not enjoy the food as much without linoleic acid that converts to
anandamide
8.3.2:

- Obesogens -> chemcials that make us fat, increase appetite
o Phthalates
 Added to plastics to make then soft and pliable, Coatings on pills, Make hoses, food packaging
mateirals
