For the entire process of photosynthesis 6 co 2 18

For the entire process of photosynthesis:
6 CO
2
+ 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H
2
O 
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 18 ADP + 18 Pi + 12 NADP+ 6
O
2
+ 6 H
2
O + 12 H+

•
What is photorespiration?
•
When does this occur?

Fig. 10-19a
Stoma
C
4
leaf anatomy
Photosynthetic
cells of C
4
plant leaf
Vein
(vascular tissue)
Bundle-
sheath
cell
Mesophyll cell
Calvin cycle: chloroplast of bundle sheath cells
C4 and CAM adaptations

Fig. 10-19b
Sugar
CO
2
Bundle-
sheath
cell
ATP
ADP
Oxaloacetate (4C) PEP (3C)
PEP carboxylase
Malate (4C)
Mesophyll
cell
CO
2
Calvin
Cycle
Pyruvate (3C)
Vascular
tissue
The C
4
pathway

Fig. 10-20
CO
2
Sugarcane
Mesophyll
cell
CO
2
C
4
Bundle-
sheath
cell
Organic acids
release CO
2
to
Calvin cycle
CO
2
incorporated
into four-carbon
organic acids
(carbon fixation)
Pineapple
Night
Day
CAM
Sugar
Sugar
Calvin
Cycle
Calvin
Cycle
Organic acid Organic acid
(a) Spatial separation of steps (b) Temporal separation of steps
CO
2
CO
2
1
2

The Importance of Photosynthesis:
A Review
Light reactions:
• Are carried out by molecules in the
thylakoid membranes
• Convert light energy to the chemical
energy of ATP and NADPH
• Split H
2
O and release O
2
to the
atmosphere
Calvin cycle reactions:
• Take place in the stroma
• Use ATP and NADPH to convert
CO
2
to the sugar G3P
• Return ADP, inorganic phosphate,
and
NADP+ to the light reactions
O
2
CO
2
H
2
O
Light
Light reaction
Calvin cycle
NADP
+
ADP
ATP
NADPH
+
P
1
RuBP
3-Phosphoglycerate
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Starch
(storage)
Sucrose (export)
G3P
Photosystem II
Electron transport chain
Photosystem I
Chloroplast
Figure 10.21