such as Diabetes mellitus, and medications such as beta blockers (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur &
Reinhold, 2017). The behavior has a tremendous impact on both HLD and HTN. There is the
exposure of individuals to diet high in salts and cholesterol daily due to the consumption of fast
foods in addition to physical inactivity. As a result, modification of dietary intake, physical
activity, and stress reduction prevent the occurrence of HTN and HLD (Oikonomou et al., 2018).
Diet and nutrition affect the metabolism and response of drugs within the body. Food plays a role
in the pharmacokinetics as food can either decrease or increase the absorption of a drug, thereby
affecting the bioavailability of the medication. For example, juices such as apple, orange, and
grape alter the absorption of atenolol by the body, reducing its effect.
The goal in management and treatment of HTN is reducing cardiovascular mortality and
morbidity as well as reduction of renal issues. The first line of therapy for stage I HTN is the use
of hydrochlorothiazide which is a thiazide diuretic, and there can be the addition of ACE
inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blocker or angiotensin II receptor blocker. The above
patient AO is on beta-blocker atenolol. For stage II HTN the therapy is the same as for stage I but
with the addition of vasodilator such as hydralazine especially for patients with essential HTN.


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- Summer '19