Icesr international covenant on economic social and

ICESR
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights (ICESR) – cont’d
Article 13.2 – Right to Education
“Higher education shall be made equally accessible to
all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate
means, and in particular by the progressive
introduction of free education ."
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Human Rights – ILO
ILO Standards
Core standards cover:
• Freedom to join a union,
bargain collectively, strike
• Ban on forced labour
• Ban on child labour
• Ban on discrimination at work
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Human Rights Legislation in Canada
• Federal gov’t and each province has specific
legislation covering human rights issues
• Typically cover services, employment, housing
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Human Rights Legislation in Canada
History of introduction of HR legislation in Canada:
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• 1947 – Saskatchewan *
• 1962 – Ontario
• 1963 – NS
• 1966 – Alberta
• 1967 – NB
• 1968 – PEI
• 1969 – NFLD & BC
• 1970 – Manitoba
• 1975 – Quebec
• 1977 – Federal Gov’t

Human Rights – Federal CHRA
What’s protected by the federal Canadian Human
Rights Act ?
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Human Rights – Federal CHRA
Federal Act under s.3(1) prohibits discrimination on:
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• Race
• National or ethnic origin
• Colour
• Religion
• Age
• Sex (incl. pregnancy)
• Sexual orientation
• Gender identity or expression
• Marital status
• Family status
• Genetic characteristics
• Disability
• A conviction for which a pardon has
been granted or a record
suspended

Human Rights – Federal CHRA
What’s protected by the provincial Manitoba
Human Rights Code ?
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Manitoba HR Code
Protected Characteristics: 1/2
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• (a) ancestry, including colour
and perceived race;
• (b) nationality or national
origin;
• (c) ethnic background or origin;
• (d) religion or creed, or
religious belief, religious
association or religious activity;
• (e) age;
• (f) sex, including sex-
determined characteristics or
circumstances, such as
pregnancy, the possibility of
pregnancy, or circumstances
related to pregnancy;

Manitoba HR Code
Protected Characteristics: 2/2
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• (g) gender identity;
• (h) sexual orientation;
• (i) marital or family status;
• (j) source of income;
• (k) political belief, political
association or political
activity;
• (l) physical or mental
disability or related
characteristics or
circumstances, including
reliance on a service animal,
a wheelchair, or any other
remedial appliance or device;
• (m) social disadvantage.

Manitoba HR Code
Social disadvantage
• “diminished social standing or social regard
due to: (a) homelessness or inadequate housing;
(b) low levels of education; (c) chronic low income;
or (d) chronic unemployment or
underemployment.”
• Onus on complainant to prove bias
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