O referred to it as celiac disease cause was unknown

o Referred to it as celiac disease
- Cause was unknown until WWII – Dutch Dr. Willem. K. Dicke
o Germans tried to starve the Dutch by cutting off shipments, including wheat
 Noticed that patients suffering from celiac disease suddenly got better when supply was
off
- Celiac’s often shows up early in life, but can take years for correct diagnosis
o Environmental factors can trigger it
 Stressful events (surgery/childbirth)
 Viral infections
- 1 in 100 people affected
 Wheat contains family of proteins called GLUTEN
o Two basic proteins in gluten
1) Gliadin  the REAL problem in celiac disease
2) Glutenin
 HOW DOES CELIAC’S HAPPEN?
o Immune system mistakes gliadin as invader  antibody attack
 Triggers release of cytokines , damaging the villi in small intestine (where absorption of
food actually occurs)
- Small Intestine
o Villi: large surface area = easier nutrient absorption
o But in celiac’s , villi inflame and FUSE together  impairment to absorption
 Stool = light colored, bulky, smelly bc of HIGH FAT content not absorbed
 Poor absorption of iron, folic acid, calcium and protein
 WHEN TO SUSPECT CELIAC’S?
o In Children: persistent diarrhea, stunted growth
o Adults: unexplained weight loss
 DIAGNOSIS
o Endoscopic Biopsy: take a sample in small intestine to see if villi fused together
o Blood tests for anti-gliadin antibodies
 But only 50% show damaged villi even if tested positive
o Anti-tissue transglutaminase test
- May be linked to NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
- Can be connected to osteoporosis, behavioral/neurological problems and AUTISM!
 Silent Celiac Disease
- 1 in 200 people
- NO Symptoms
o BUT positive blood test and biopsy
- Controversy: eventually will develop celiac’s
o Preventative gluten-free diet usually recommended just in case
 Latent Celiac Disease
- Endoscopy biopsy is NEGATIVE
- Blood test is POSITIVE
- NO symptoms
- Don’t need to go on gluten-free diet  Watchful Waiting

 Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity
- 6-10% of the population
- Feel better when gluten-free diet but they test NEGATIVE in both tests
Lesson 2: Adverse Food Reactions II
VIDEO #1
Classical Food Allergy
- Give rise to antibodies
 Anaphylaxis : total collapse of circulatory system  lead to death
What happens in an Allergy?
- Body’s immune system thinks a substance is foreign and attacks it
o Generates antibodies which will try to get rid of the allergen
 Thus manifesting an allergic reaction
Most Allergenic Foods : Milk, nuts, eggs, shellfish, fish
**NO ONE is allergic upon FIRST exposure: only when antibodies form
** SUBSEQUENT exposure: allergen-antibody reaction
 Can people get a reaction if they kiss someone who ate peanuts? NO
EpiPen = adrenaline = needs to be within reach
 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
- Diagnosis:
o GIVE A SUGAR SOLUTION, THEN BLOOD IS DRAWN PERIODICALLY TO TEST FOR SUGAR
 Hypoglycemia: if sudden drop in blood sugar after 30 mins – 2 hrs
- Solution:
o Small meals to spread out carb intake
- Myths
o Sugar causes hyperactiivity
 NO, kids are hyper cuz of the situation
Simple Carbs (Sugar)  CALMING effect
- Amino acids absorbed into either the 1) brain 2) muscle tissue
o