Earth is modified by human action novel included the

•
“Earth is modified by Human Action” Novel. Included the Roman Empire and it’s
Fall due to their own destruction of their environment. This was meant to send the
message that were they to continue what they were doing, there would be
environmental degradation that eventually would lead to destruction.

The Origins of Utilitarian Conservation – Lecture 10
18:05
• The human race is the new glacier. Deprived the wasteful use. Such ideas are in the
school of ecology.

Homestead Act gave land away
Timber and Stone Act (1878) sold mineral land and mining land to get people from the government
and send them to do some mining.

Gifford Pinchot and the National Forest Idea – Lecture 11
18:05
GIFFORD PINCHOT AND THE NATIONAL FOREST IDEA
Marsh and Man & Nature
Silviculture
Detrich Brandis
“Colossus of development”
1890 U.S. Census Report
Forest Reserve Act
Benjamin Harrison
Grover Cleveland
National Forestry Commission
Midnight Proclamations
Biltmore Estate
Forest Management Act
National Forest idea
Dept. of the Interior
General Land Office (GLO)
Division of Forestry
Dept. of Agriculture
Progressivism
Progressive Era
Laissez-faire

Gifford Pinchot and the National Forest Idea – Lecture 11
18:05
Abuses
Inefficiencies
Gospel of Efficiency
Bureau of Forestry
Midterm: Monday, Oct. 29
Please bring one large, blank blue book to class on Friday, Oct 26 th .
Completely blank and no names.
Review Friday in Class
 Marsh had an impact on students in the 1960s, having written “Silent Spring”
 Gifford Pinchot was a great example, 1865 born in Connecticut, his family was into
international trading who traded with France. By that time, he had become a millionaire,
attended Yale University as a conservative, read Marsh’s book, and thus began his efforts on
the environment.
•
After graduating from Yale 1888, Pinchot headed to become a forester, studying it in
France of Europe, which was there called silviculture ( silvi = trees). French forestry
school was headed by Detrich Brandis.
• Detrich Brandis worked with the government and head of French Forestry School in
Nancy, France

1890 US. Census Report claimed there was no more frontier, shocking Americans. To cause
such a report, Idaho became a state and there consisted the last unexplored piece of the
United States. Because it was unexplored, there was still a frontier, with less than two people
per square mile. However, in 1890 the place had been explored and thereby with two people
per square mile.
• America had then realized it was all over; however, Pinchot cried for a “colossus of
development”.

To battle out such a situation, Congress passed a Forest Reserve Act in 1891. The act gave
the president authority to set aside passes from time to time without any other persons’
consent and with unprecedented power.

Gifford Pinchot and the National Forest Idea – Lecture 11
18:05
 President Benjamin Harris at that time set aside 13 million acres, most of which were on the
West. The next president Grover Cleveland wanted to put at least 20 million acres or more in
the forest reserve during his administration.