Ucles 2018 045513on18 23 a country experienced its

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23 A country experienced its usual August increase in the rate of unemployment. Unfortunately this
was followed by the loss of jobs resulting from the regular downturn in global economic activity.
Which types of unemployment occurred?
© UCLES 2018 0455/13/O/N/18
first type of
unemployment
(August)
second type of
unemployment
(global downturn)
A cyclical structural
B frictional seasonal
C seasonal cyclical
D structural frictional
24 What is the most likely effect of raising the retirement age in a country?
25 What describes absolute and relative poverty?
26 Developing countries are sometimes given aid by charities and foreign governments.
Which aid programme would be least likely to lead to long-term economic growth?

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© UCLES 2018 0455/13/O/N/18
[Turn over
27 A government imposes a limit of 2 million on the number of smartphones imported into the
country.
Which term is given to this limitation?
A ban
B embargo
C quota
D tariff
28 What is most likely to happen if South Korea builds a factory in Switzerland that becomes
profitable?
29 In July 2015, Australia’s balance of trade with the rest of the world was –2809 billion Australian
dollars. In January 2016 it was –3294 billion Australian dollars.
What describes Australia’s balance of trade over this period?