Lands between louis and the holy roman empire both of

lands between Louis
and the Holy Roman Empire , both of whom were Charles’s brothers-in-law
- By his will , however, Charles left the Spanish crown and all oversea possessions to Philip
-This offered France more than it would have received under the treaty
-If the will had been upheld, the Pyrenes Mountains would have disappeared as a political barrier
between France and Spain and France , as the stronger of the two, would have controlled
unprecedented expanses of European and American territory
- Dreaming again of universal monarchy , Louis rejected the treaty in favor of the will
-The British , Dutch , and Austrians responded by forming a Grand Alliance against France and Spain
- After a long and costly conflict, known as the War of Spanish Succession ( 1701-1713 ), the members of
this coalition were able to dictate the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht ( 1713 )
- Philip (who suffered manic depression) remained on the Spanish throne as Philip V (r. 1700-1746 ) but
only on the condition that the Spanish and French crowns would never be united
- Spain ceded its territories in the Netherlands and in Italy to the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy and its
strategic port of Gibraltar at the entrance of the Mediterranean to the British
- Britain also acquired large parts of French Canada , including Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
-The loss of French territory in North America , the strains placed on taxation due to war demands, and
the weakening of commercial power as a result of this conflict made France less potent a state at the
time of Louis’s death in 1715 than it had been in the 1680s
-The main effects of a century of French state building remained , including a large, well-integrated
bureaucratic edifice that allowed the government to exercise unprecedented control over the
population and a military establishment that remained the largest and best equipped in Europe
How did France and Spain implement absolutism in the seventeenth century and how powerful did
those states become?
While the kingdom of France became a model of state building and gradually emerged as the most
powerful country in Europe, the Spanish monarchy struggled to introduce to introduce absolutism as a
time when the overall economic condition of the country was deteriorating and its military forces
were suffering a series of defeats

IN CLASS LECTURE:
Modern State  Nationalism  Citizen
Citizen has:
1) political actor with rights and responsibilities
2) economic actor who owns his own labor
Requires:
1) Social contract
2) Rule of law
80% of the French are peasants (farmers)
20 million x .8 = 16 million = Subjects
King of the French!