Rules are at the bureaucracy b bureaucracies must

Rules are at the bureaucracy
(b) Bureaucracies must operate in a completely predicable way
(2) Rules standardize the work
i) Rules usually apply to the job tasks
ii) Everyone in same job does same tasks in the same way
iii) Routines are another aspect of this
iv) Allows workers know how to do job
b) Specialization of Tasks - Division of Labor
(1) Divide up the tasks of organization
(2) Certain people specialize in these smaller tasks
(3) Efficient way to handle complex work
c) Hierarchy
(1) Arrange personnel in a vertical ranking of offices
(2) Division between upper and lower offices
(3) Part of structure is orderly move up the hierarchy
(4) Allows coordination of many activities and employees
d) Impersonal relationships
(1) For bureaucracies to be efficient, must be absent of emotional or personal beliefs
(2) Loyalty is to organization, not to particular people
(3) Universal standards
(a) Impartial standards for all employers (same treatment to all students)
(b) Eliminates all personal and irrational elements otherwise you get corruption
(4) Fixed payment structures that help retain impersonality and universal standards
4. Leidner, Over the Counter at McDonald ’ s
a) Rules and regulations account for precise, same in every store
b) Every store has an “ in store processor, ” a computer system that calculates yields and
food costs, keeps track of inventory and cash, schedules labor, and breaks down sales
by time of day, product, and work
c) Lights and buzzers tell works exactly when to turn burgers or take fries out of the fat
d) Hamburger university for hierarchy
e) The most unreliable element in McDonalds is human beings
f) Behavior of workers and customers is reduced to machinelike actions
g) The bureaucratic structure is very good at producing a standard, uniform product effi-
ciently but leads to dehumanization
D. Charismatic Organizations
1. While economic rationality dominates life today, value-rational organizations are also com-
mon (built on moral or value)
2. Charisma
a) “ Charisma ” is a gift of grace or a rare quality that resides in an individual
b) Presence of followers
c) Demands that followers develop new selves and repudiate their former way of life
d) Must demonstrate their ability through miracles
3. Directly Selling Organizations, Mary Kay, Nicole Woolsey Biggart, Charismatic Capitalism
a) Creation of a new self
(1) Self-transformation: encouraged to think one ’ s way to success; must embrace posi-
tive thinking
(2) Confessionals - I was a broken woman and now i ’ m a millionaire
(3) Differentiation - more successful distributors are given gifts and prestigious titles

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