Where people believed in freedom and not ideas of the

Where people believed in freedom and not ideas of the Old Regime
• Artistic, literary, and musical
37. Liberalism
• Political ideology of the 19
th
century that grew out of the enlightenment
• Backed by the emerging middle class of the Industrial Revolution such as
lawyers doctors and entrepreneurs
• Political program that’s right for everyone
• Supports Civil liberties and individual rights such as freedom of speech,
press, assembly, and religion, but with limits
• Believed the state should have three functions and not get involved
i. Defend military
ii. Provide polis
iii. Maintain public works too expensive for individuals to maintain
• Significance grew out of the Enlightenment, believed the state shouldn’t get
involved and proclaimed individuals would do what is best if left alone
38. Socialism
• Political ideology of the 19
th
century

• Originated in France
• First seen as a product of intellectual wanting to introduce a quality into
society as a result of Industrial Revolution
• Way to make the Industrial Revolution more fair
• Against the freed for private property
• Believes competition is driving everything and destroying society
• Significance major social ideas formed here and many major socialists
thinkers
39. Louis Blanc
• French socialists thinker who in 1839 or 1840 wrote the document the
“Organization of Labor” which had a specific plan about workshops
organizing society
• Invited workers to demand universal working rights and the government
should step in by setting up a minimum wage
• Doesn’t like the exploration of workers and how wages are down
• Believes in free competition with wages
• The significance was that he was the first to put ideas out there and then into
practice and thought workshops would bring people together
40. Karl Marx
• Socialist thinker who wrote “the Manifesto of the Communist Party” in 1848
• Trained as a philosopher and upon graduation at Berlin University became a
radical journalist
• Moved in and out of Europe as a writer
41. Friedrich Engels
• Socialist thinker who wrote “the Manifesto of the Communist Party” in 1848
• An ongoing illusionist in Manchester
42. “The Manifesto of the Communist Party”
• Written in 1848 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
• Believed the bourgeoisie had become triumph it and didn’t see how the
conditions of the workers was hurting them
• The bourgeoisie are trying to put down the workers of the work and workers
have their condition to work
• Thought the bourgeoisie controlled everything and they were starting to lose
control since the proletariat are rising to revolt
• Believed the workers will seize control of the factors and work
• Saw history in three stages
i. Feudalism
ii. Capitalism
iii. Socialism
• The significance is that they believed in a revolt by the workers and their right
to working condition and wanted to get rid of competition
43. Edwin Chadwick
• British reformer of the 1840’s who wrote “the Sanitary Conditions of the
Laboring Population” in 1842