Sometimes reversible pallor pain redness discomfort

sometimes reversible, pallor pain, redness, discomfort, frozen skin becomes white or
yellowish with waxy texture, no sensation to pain, partial skin freezing, full thickness
skin freezing, gangrene with loss of tissue
 Flash freeze: rapid cooling w/ intracellular ice crystals contact w/ cold metals or volatile
liquids
- Hematology (Ch. 20-22): 17 Questions
o High Iron Foods (refer to link)
o Sickle Cell Disease: production of abnormal hemoglobin S (Hb S) within erythrocytes, genetic
mutation in which 1 amino acid (valine) replaces another (glutamic acid), inherited autosomal
recessive disorder, lifelong, India, Africa, Mediterranean, do not appear until infant in 6 months,
Hb F decreases, Hb S increases, infection is common cause of death, sepsis and meningitis
 Pathophysiology: soluble, polymers transform RBC into sickle shape (depends on
oxygen, pH, dehydration), 15 mm Hg, plug blood vessels, increased viscosity of the
blood, slow circulation, vascular occlusion, pain and organ infraction, blood pool in
spleen, infarction of splenic vessels, erythropoiesis in marrow or liver (severe cases),
increased plasma osmolality, decreased plasma volume and low environment temperature
 Hemolytic Anemia: deoxygenated and dehydration causes solidification and
stretching of erythrocytes into elongated sickle shape
 Sickle Cell Anemia: homozygous form, most severe
 Sickle Cell Thalassemia ( mildest form, little hemoglobin, less likely to occlude)
and Sickle cell Hb C disease ( vasooclussive cries, hematocrit values and

o Anemia (Table 21-1, page 514), Classifications, what do cells look like? signs and symptoms,
 Pathophysiology:
o Gender (M/F): blood loss causes include, use of medication for GI
bleeding, surgical procedure that decreases stomach acidity, transit time