16 beta blockers the actions of beta blockers include

[16]
Beta blockers
The actions of beta blockers include reduction in
heart rate and muscle tremors, which may improve
performance in specific sports requiring steadiness and
accuracy, such as archery and shooting. These agents
have deleterious effect in endurance sports.
[17]
Stimulants
Stimulants have direct and peripheral effect on the
nervous system. Substances that temporarily excite or
accelerate physiological activity are called stimulants.
These agents increase alertness, reduce fatigue, and
affect mood and cardiovascular activation.
[14,15]
Caffeine
is known to counter drowsiness, improve endurance,
and enhance bodybuilding exercise. Recently published
meta-analysis by Grgic et al , showed significant
Table 2: Categories of prohibited substances by the World
Anti-Doping Agency
Substances and methods prohibited at all times Substances
S0 Non-approved substances
S1 Anabolic agents
1. Anabolic androgenic steroids
a. Exogenous
b. Endogenous
2. Other anabolic agents
S2 Peptide hormones, growth factors, related
substances, and mimetics
S3 Beta-2 agonists
S4 Hormone and metabolic modulators
S5 Diuretics and masking agents
Methods
M1 Manipulation of blood and blood components
M2 Chemical and physical manipulation
M3 Gene doping
Substances prohibited in-competition
S6 Stimulants
a. Nonspecified stimulants
b. Specified stimulants
S7 Narcotics
S8 Cannabinoids
S9 Glucocorticoids
Substances prohibited in particular sports
P1 Beta blockers
Prohibited list by WADA for 2018 is available on .
wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/prohibited_list_2018_en.pdf
[Downloaded free from on Saturday, September 1, 2018, IP: 202.177.173.189]

Malve: Sports pharmacology
130 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences ¦ Volume 10 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2018
ergogenic effects of caffeine ingestion on maximal
muscle strength of upper body and muscle power.
[18]
Methylphenidate is extensively transformed into
ritalinic acids, which because of its chemical properties
escape traditional detection of stimulant drugs.
[19]
Peptide hormones, growth factors, and related
substance
Hormones get metabolized rapidly and hence have a
very short half-life. They are excreted in less quantity as
unchanged compounds in the urine. Growth hormone
(GH) or somatotropin is a polypeptide hormone
secreted by the anterior part of the pituitary gland.
[14,20]
The actions of GH include increase in lean body mass,
energy, performance, muscle mass and strength, stroke
volume, and maximal oxygen uptake. Its abuse in sports
is increasing as it is difficult to detect.
[21]
Analyzing the insulin concentration in blood is
important in doping control in athletes as the
administration of exogenous insulin enhances the
athlete’s performance. Bodybuilders, weight lifters, and
powerlifters use short-acting insulin to increase muscle
bulk. IOC banned its use except TUE.