Humans dont have instincts to take the place of

Humans don’t have instincts to take the place of language
 Without is there is no other form of communication
 People w/o language live in internal silence
- Freud and the Psychoanalytic Perspective
o Freud founded psychoanalysis - a technique for treating emotional problems
through long term exploration of the subconscious mind.
 Id : Freud’s term for our inborn basic drives. (food, safety, sex, and etc.)
 Ego : Freud’s term for a balancing force between id and demands of
society.
 Superego : Freud’s term for the conscience; the internalized norms and
values of our social groups.
- The differences between the “I” and “me”
o I” (viewer) – Unpredictable, spontaneous, self-awareness
 “I” am doing the viewing of “Me”
o “Me” (object) – Socially derived representation of society, conformity
 “Me” is the social creature that “I” am viewing
 Predictability
 Conformity

 Past “I’s”
 “Me” is the social creature that “I” am viewing
- The looking-glass self
o Charles Horton Kooley; our self is our interpretation of how others see us
o We are socially created by interactions with others
o Develop Self - Evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have
judged us.
- The “nature” vs. “nurture” argument
o Nature - hereditary.
o Nurture social interaction, environment
o Sociobiology - Both nature and nurture
- Cognitive development in social learning as outlined by Piaget
o 1. Sensorimotor Stage (age 0 -2) - Reflex activity leading to understanding of
unintentional responses. (Object Permanence and Stranger Anxiety)
o 2. Pre-Operational Stage (age 2-7) - Verbalization representation moves from
egoistic to social, language, symbols, imagination. (Pretend Play, Egocentrism,
Language Development)
o 3. Concrete Operational Stage (age 7 - 12) - Evidence for organized logical
thought, understand time, space, numbers, size, speed. (Conservation and
Mathematical Transformations)
o 4. Formal Operational Stage (age 12 +) - Concrete logical thought moves into
ability for abstract, formal logic. (abstract problems and concepts).
- Agents of socialization
o People that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors or other groups
 Primary : Parents, Peers, Schools
 Other agents : tech, media, religion, news
- Gender and Emotional Socialization
o Gender Socialization : Learning society’s “gender map” the paths in life set out for
us because we are male or female.
o Emotional Socialization: Socialization influences not only how we express our
emotions but also what emotions we feel. Everyone experiences six basic
emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.
- Mead’s theory on “language” and “role taking”
o Mead suggested Role Taking

 Because we have language and can think, we carry on silent conversations
 We think something to ourselves and respond internally to it
 We talk to ourselves and answer ourselves
o Pre-play Stage : Child learns to associate certain meanings to certain types of
cries.
 first egoistic and reflexive, then begin to understand that we are social
beings through interaction.
o Play Stage : Increase in mental capacity that facilitates learning language.