42Britain that USA, a more stable party system in Britain than USA, etc. it may also benoted that Britain operates a unitary system while USA operates a federal system. Sothere is a higher level of uniformity in the administrative system of Britain that that of theUSA.Another area of difference in the administrative systems of two countries is that while inBritain a generalist approach is adopted the professional arrangement is put in place inUSA. There is a clearer arrangement for promotion to the higher echelon of the publicservice in Britain than in USA. So in Britain the public servant in the level next to thehighest level are regarded as being in training for the highest responsibilities in theadministrative system. One consequence of the emphasis on the British“class” intraining is high level of administrative ethnics, norms, etc., is better developed in Britainthan in USA.USSR: Administrative System in a Communist StateState the 1917 resolution in USSR the state got administered in accordance withprinciples of totalitarianism common to socialist and communist systems. The communistparty had control over the state structures including the public administrative system. Sothe bureaucrats or the public administrative system was regarded as a part of thecommunist part. It was used to propagate the policies of the communist part. It was usedto propagate the party policies and ensuring that party member tolled the party line.One other important element of the Soviet Union’s public administrative system is itsconsistency as an instrument for party control of the various parts of the society. Thebureaucrats become experienced in this culture. There has also been a high level ofconsistency in maintaining the state apparatus separately from the communist party. Inevery organization there are managers or administrators. There are also partyrepresentatives who ensure that the operation is carried out according to instructions tothe party representatives present at every level to be held repressible for every action ofthe state managers or administrators.It may be noted that one important philosophy of the communist ideology is theexpectation that the state would wither away. This means that the system would developto such a level that there would be no need for the police, the military and the courts sincethe citizens would know what to do. They would also have so much internalized theprinciples of communism that they would naturally obey without restraint. The police andthe military were parts of the public service which was maintained as a part of the stateapparatus.
