Chapter four (Results and Discussions) presents the results with their discussions using the
research questions. The discussions included the interpretation of the findings with
reference to previous findings. Implications were drawn from the findings as well.
The last chapter comprises the Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations. The
summary gives the overview of the research problem and methodology. A summary of the
findings are also presented here. The conclusions were based on the results of the study.
Recommendations are also based on the findings. Suggestions for further research were
also added.
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Guidance and counselling is not foreign in the Ghanaian society. The traditional
society provided certain services which could be termed guidance. However, with the
introduction of Western Education, guidance has been practiced by teachers, administrators
and chaplains.
Such assistance it seems was offered in times of crisis, therefore making it crisis oriented.
This type of assistance was not organized. It was neither structured nor systematic.
Therefore, it partially helped the client. With the passage of time, however,
attempts
have
been
made
to
provide
systematic
guidance
and counselling in schools and colleges.
It is also true that human beings are always beset with problems. Whether people who lived
years ago faced more serious problems than people today is highly debatable. Fortunately,
our methods of problem solving have advanced greatly in recent years.
The giving of professional assistance has become an accepted and vital part in our
society. Examples include medical help from physicians and mental health by psychiatrists.
During the past half century, a new movement designed to give professional assistance to
the young people in schools and colleges has improved and developed. It has been
identified as guidance and counselling services, a dynamic, constantly changing field.
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In the view of Meek (as cited in Makinde, 1990), guidance in the colleges has become
necessary due to the greater complexity of modern living. This has resulted in increased
pressure that can be seen from maladaptive behaviours and hindrances to learning.
Guidance should, therefore, aim at correction of maladjustment.
For guidance to be effective and useful, it must become an integral part of the educational
programme. This is because guidance is part and parcel of the education system, (Gibson &
Mitchell, 1995). Regarding guidance as part of education is very necessary because
ignorance of guidance and counselling services in the training colleges on the part of the
students is a clear indication that, they have not been exposed to the services in the basic
schools as well as senior high schools. If this all important programme had been fused into
the educational programme, it could have prevented many delinquent problems in the
training colleges.
