5changing culture the introduction of the horse

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5,Changing culture : The introduction of the horse pushed this
culture further into the nomadic and warrior lifestyle and into the
Great Plains.
•
The introduction of the train both constrained this culture and
offered new opportunities, as we will see.

The Lakota's culture
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3.Gender roles :
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1,While women had been important in hunting game with
the introduction of the horse, they became more
subordinate as the men became the hunters.
•
Yet they shared a partnership with their proud nomadic
men.
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2,Women, nevertheless, were important as a moral
guides. For example, when Crazy Horse was killed, they
cut gashes into their foreheads and cried “Who is going
to lead us now.“ (Video: Its a Good Day to Die)

4.Their Relationship with other Tribes & Relations
with Euro-Americans by the 1840s.
•
By the 1840s, there were about 20,000
Lakota's in the Midwestern states of the
Dakotas, Wyoming, and Montana .
•
The Lakota dominated other tribes but
also formed alliances with them against
Euro-Americans. Lakota means "allies."
They formed alliances with the Cheyenne,
Arapaho.

B.Lakota v. Euro-American settlers and gold
seekers a la Video: Its a Good Day to Die
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1.By 1850, the Lakota saw the United States and their own nations
as expanding nations.
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1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie : Lakota Chief Black Hawk claimed
ownership of the Black Hills “by right of conquest” over the
Cheyenne & Arapaho. This treaty gave US right to build forts and
roads, to establish boundaries for tribes territories. In return Nastive
peoples would receive annual payments for the loss of game and
damages from white travelers.
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2.Series of events (actions of settlers, gold-seekers and the army)
that changed the Lakota's view towards Euro-Americans:
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1, 1848 Gold Rush in CA: settlers and miners intruded up Lakota
land.
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2, 1854 Mormon cow incident : Lt. Graton and troops kills chief. In
retaliation, Lakota kill him and his 30 troops.

Lakota v. Euro-American settlers and gold
seekers a la Video: Its a Good Day to Die
3,In 1862, Gold strike in Montana: Bozeman Trial and
Fort were constructed in Powder River Valley.
In 1866 Red Cloud surrounded Ft Phil Carney and lured
Capt. Fetterman and 100 troops into a trap.
General Harney's intimidation campaign: "I am the
Indian's best friend or worst enemy." Raids Lakota
village in Nebr. , killing Little Thunder and others. Crazy
Horse saw the remains.
4, In 1874 Gold was found in the Black Hills. This set
the stage for Little Big Horn battle.

C.Lakota 1868: the Lakota's
Response to these Intrusions

1.Red Cloud & the Reservation
System
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Red Cloud was a brave leader who defeated Euro-
Americans in battle.
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However, in 1868,he was tricked into signing Treaty of
Medicine Lodge which in effect forced the Lakota on to
reservations. Red Cloud became a "reservation Indian"
for life.
•
He not fight the whites anymore: Because in 1870 when
he went to Washington, he saw how vast the Euro-
American population and how well-armed the American
military was. Instead his Oglala Lakota fought the
Pawnee.