7
Divorce
: a series of stressful experiences for the entire family that begins with marital
difficulties before the divorce and includes a complex series of life changes as the marriage
unravels and its members reorganize their lives.
8
Describe the stress level of caring for a toddler.
o
Stresses & strains of caring for a toddler MORE than for an infant
9
Older siblings tend to take what three roles in the lives of younger siblings?
625.
1.
Emotional support
626. - Brothers and sisters confide in one another, often more than they confide in
their parents.
627. - they protect and comfort one another in rough times.
628.
2.
Caregiving Services
629. - they babysit and tend young children.
630.
3.
Teachers
631. - Although older brothers and sisters are not always as skilled at teaching as
parents are, they clearly feel a special responsibility to teach, and younger siblings
actively seek their guidance on any number of things.
632.
- provide social experience.
633.
- Having at least one sibling to interact with has positive effects on a child's
social cognitive development and social skill
1
Sibling relationships are described by two terms – what are they? Closeness and conflict
(sibling rivalry)
2
Marriage happiness highs and lows.
634.
-Satisfaction
LOWS
occur after first year, on becoming new parents, and with
each additional child
635.
-
HIGHS
before children and after empty nest
1
What is the
empty nest syndrome
?
o
describes the family after the departure of the last child
o
a phase of the family life cycle that became common only starting in the 20th
century as people began to live longer but have fewer children
2
What factors predict a better adjustment to parenting?
636.
-active participant
637.
-nurturer
638.
-teacher
639.
-communicator
1
What is a
‘crowded nest’
– see also short article posted on Canvas.
o
Twenty something year olds moving back in with their parents(27% of adult
children live with their parents)
640.
641.
Achievement Ch. 10
1
Instincts
o
FAPs- fixed pattern throughout a species
o
“Unlearned”
o
Genetic, inherited
o
Examples: imprinting reflexes: rooting and sucking
2
Drives vs. incentives (know examples) ,
o
Drives
: internal, physiological needs that drive the organism to engage in behaviors
which reduce the need (hunger, thirst, etc)
o
Incentives
: are external positive or negative environmental stimuli, rewards and
punishments, and can be conditioned
1
drive-reduction theory:
o
Drive-reduction theory
Needs or desires that serve to energize and direct behavior
toward a goal
Drive states
-are created by needs
which are internal or
incentives
which are external
Physiological needs create psychological drive states that cause
one to engage in behaviors that will reduce or satisfy the need
The aim of drive reduction is stability or homeostasis/reduce
arousal
Drive states are arousing
The behavior caused by the “drive-state” satisfies the need;
arousal is then reduced
Needs
(internal) (push)
Create psychological states (drive/arousal)
Cause behaviors which reduce the need and decrease
the drive
Homeostasis
is maintained
Balance, equilibrium, steady state
Hunger, thirst, body temperature
Survival
Incentive
