Intracellular fluids contain an excess of anions

Diff: 6 Page Ref: 99
25

2) In the end, it is the electrochemical gradient that determines the direction and magnitude of an
ion's movement across a membrane. Describe this electrochemical gradient and how one can
determine the direction of ion movement based on the electrical and chemical gradients.
Diff: 7 Page Ref: 99
3) Describe the factors that affect the rate of passive transport of molecules across a membrane.