Response Feedback Coding is the process of transforming language data into

Response Feedback: Coding is the process of transforming language data into numerical symbols that can be entered easily into the computer. For example, variables such as race, gender, ethnicity, and diagnoses can be categorized and given numerical labels. For gender, the male category could be identified by a “1” and the female category by a “2.” The coding categories developed for the research must be both mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive so, with respect to the

latter, inclusion of “3”—decline to state and “4”—none of the above might be useful. p.502  Question 6 A researcher studying depression in relation to five predictor variables decides to include five more variables in the study because the literature reveals that they may also be involved in depression. Consequently, the researcher will do which of the following? Answers : a. Perform additional reliability and validity tests. b. Use a larger sample size. c. Change the design of the research from correlational to descriptive. d. Set beta at a lower level. Response Feedback: As the number of variables under study grows, the needed sample size increases. Adding variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, and education to the analysis plan can increase the sample size by a factor of 5 to 10 if the selected variables are uncorrelated with the dependent variable. Setting beta lower, performing additional reliability and validity tests, and changing the design from correlational to descriptive will not solve the problem of the altered power of the study, due to addition of five variables. Only increasing

the sample size will be a practical solution. p. 350  Question 7 A researcher performs a series of pilot studies to evaluate whether a measurement tool produces consistent results. This is an evaluation of: Answers: a. Reliability b. Readability c. Validity d. Accuracy Response Feedback: page 370  Question 8 Which of the following constructs would be appropriate to measure with a visual analogue scale?

Answers : a. Anxiety b. Dichotomous variables c. Visual acuity d. blood pressure Response Feedback: p.414  Question 9 Which of the following is NOT a physiological measures? Answers: a. A subject’s report of episodes of tachycardia per day b. Score on the Mini Mental Status Exam c. Serum sodium d.

Use of a tuning fork to measure bone conduction hearing loss Response Feedback: Physiological measures include two categories, biophysical and biochemical measures. For example, biophysical measures might include the use of the stethoscope and sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure and a biochemical measure might include the laboratory value for total cholesterol. Self-report has been used effectively to obtain physiological information and may be particularly useful when the subjects are not in closely monitored settings such as hospitals, clinics, or research facilities. For some variables, self-report may be the only means of obtaining the information. Such may be the case when study participants experience a physiological phenomenon that cannot be observed or measured by others.