Fat and amino acids can enter citric acid cycle another way
Pancreatic hormones play a major role in glucose regulation
Pancreas next to small intestine
Duodenum is the last place that digestion occurs (a lot of juices from
pancreas are released to duodenum)
Pancreas has
islet of Langerhans
- there are endocrine alpha and beta cells
Islet of Langerhans
o
Releases insulin and glucagon
Glucagon (alpha cells)
o
Released when blood sugar low
o
Increases:
Glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis – turns shit into glucose
Ketogenesis – brain runs on ketone bodies (
diabetes 1
patients
)
o
Released when hungry
Insulin (Beta cells)
o
Released when blood sugar high
44
Glycogensis (glucose to glycogen)
45
46
Once insulin is released…..
Insulin works on skeletal muscle and fat cells
GLUT4 takes more glucose in
Without insulin, glucose cant enter cell
o
Diabetes 2- pancreas is working like crazy to release insulin but body
does not respond
Diabetes 1- self inject insulin
Diabetes 2- does not self-inject insulin because they have too much
Fasted state metabolism
o
Glucagon is high
o
Bile acid is low
o
Gluconeogenesis increases
47
Do a dos response-
50
Quiz 8
1. Gas exchange... (choose all correct)
a.
is a passive process
b.
is inversely related to surface area
c.
occurs across type II alveolar cells
d.
CO position does not affect gas exchange but affect the
total blood O2
2. W
hich INCREASE gas exchange? (choose all correct)
a.
increased pressure gradient for carbon dioxide
b.
excess fluid in and around the alveoli
c.
increased membrane thickness
d.
high available surface area
3) If a subject's alveolar oxygen is approximately 100 mm Hg, then
a.
the subject is hypoxic
b.
his arterial oxygen is approximately 100 mm Hg
c.
his plasma pCO2 will be low
d.
the subject's venous oxygen is approximately 100 mm Hg
