researchers use different instruments to collect data. Therefore, the quality of these instruments is very critical because the conclusions researchers draw are based on the information they obtain using these instruments. Finally, to ensure validity and reliability, the results and interpretations of my interviews will be handed over to the interviewees to confirm the content of what they stated during the interview encounter. In this way the plausibility and truthfulness of the information can be recognized and supported. Reference Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health. Sullivan G. M. (2011). A primer on the validity of assessment instruments. Journal of graduate medical education , 3 (2), 119-20. TOPIC 5 DQ2 Why is it important to incorporate a theory or model related to change when implementing practice changes? Does the benefit of incorporating a change model outweigh the time and effort it took to include it? Implementing change was borne out of a desire to address challenges associated with the use of research to achieve more evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care and other areas of professional practice. Early implementation research was empirically driven and did not always pay attention to the theoretical underpinnings. However, the last decade has seen wider recognition of the need to establish the theoretical bases of implementation and strategies to facilitate change (Lehman, 2008). There is mounting interest in the use of theories, models and frameworks to gain insights into the mechanisms by which change is more likely to succeed. Implementing a change in practice within these healthcare environments can produce anxiety or fear of failure in nurses, leading to a resistance to change practice.

Incorporating a theory or a model related to change when implementing practice changes helps in understanding how implementation will take place, what influences or affects the outcomes leading to either success or failure. The theory or the model serves as a guideline making it easier for implementation to take place (Bozak, 2003). The benefit of incorporating the change model outweighs the time and effort used to include it making it worth using. This is because one will carry out an implementation having knowledge and information on what works and what does not work thus reducing the risks of experiencing a failure. it is better to use more time and effort and finally be successful that experience failure at the end for not using already existing models and theories as guideline. In my study, I am using Lewin’s change management theory developed by Kurt Lewin to understand human behavior related to change and patterns of resistance to change (Bozak, 2003). Reference Bozak, M., (2003). Using Lewin’s force field analysis in implementing a nursing information system.