201CHAPTER 9audio mediaMedia such as music, audiobooks, and podcasts.cyberbullyingWhen a child, preteen, orteen is tormented, threatened, harassed,humiliated, embarrassed, or otherwisetargeted by another child, preteen, or teenusing the Internet, interactive and digitaltechnologies, or mobile phones.cyberbullying by proxyUsing others tohelp cyberbully the victim, either with orwithout the accomplice’s knowledge.direct attacksMessages sent to a childdirectly.Federal Communications Commission(FCC)An organization that oversees thepolicies related to the media industry,which includes the ability to approve, limit,or ultimately restrict any type of content.Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Anorganization charged with protecting con-sumers by making sure that advertisingand marketing practices are not harmful ormisleading.mass mediaA type of communicationthat ultimately impacts a large numberof individuals with the express intent ofdelivering a message quickly through animpersonal medium.Key TermsCritical Thinking Questions1.Thinking back to your own childhood, how much did your parents or guardianscontrol what you watched on TV? How did this affect what you learned throughthese programs?2.Using Bronfenbrenner’s concept of the macrosystem, how have your values,beliefs, policies, cultures, and customs influenced the types of media you useor watch?3.To what extent do you think the advent of devices such as the Kindle, the Nook,and the iPad will impact the role of print media in the future?4.Given the idea that even infants can tell the difference between happy and sadmusic, provide an example of when you witnessed a small child act happy whena fast song was played.5.Think back to some of the television shows or movies that you would watch asa young child. How much violence or aggression were in them? Do you thinkthat after watching these shows you became more violent or aggressive? Whyor why not?6.Even though research indicates that television shows such asSesame Streetimprove literacy and math skills, what do you think of television networks suchas Sprout—geared for preschoolers—being on for 24 hours a day? How muchtelevision do you think a preschooler should be allowed to watch each day?
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