o Fully in the unconscious o Ruled by the pleasure principal o “we look for pleasure and try to avoid pain” - but is very impulsive  EGO (reason and self-control) Rational/ Logical/ Realistic: o The ego is the decision-making part of the mind. It uses reason and logic, and tries to get the unrealistic ID to cooperate in real life o Makes sure the impulses from the ID are expressed in an acceptable manner for the real world o Sometimes has to say “no” or “not yet” o Ego develops within the first two years of life  “resides” within the conscious mind  The “executive director of our mind”  Ruled by the reality principal  Superego (Nurture Learned): o Inhibits the ID’s urges o Ego ideals- the moral ideal. Who/ how we should be o Developed through rewards/punishments o “our conscious (what is right and wrong… our “moral compass”)- what allows us to feel pride/shame o Formed around five years old Ethics, Morals, Values:

 Ethics: derived from the greek word (ethikos), deals with concepts of wright and wrong; standards of how people ought to act. o Norms, values, and the law  Morals- derived from the Latin word Moralis, deals with manners, morals, character. o Ethics and morals are essentially the same  Values- are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions Id, Ego, Superego Summary  ID- pleasure and avoiding pain  EGO- pleasure and avoid pain tempered by reality; compromises demands of ID, Superego and world  SUPEREGO- do the right thing, be good, be perfect according to moral code “Conscience” in Freud’s view Defense Mechanisms  Psychological defense mechanisms- unconscious distortions of a person's perception that reduces stress and anxiety  Denial- the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation  Regression- the person falls back on a childlike patterns to respond to stressful situations