Cultural quotient
, or CQ, describes someone’s ability to work effectively across
cultures.
Five dimension of national culture:
Power distance
is a culture’s acceptance of the status and power differences
among its members.
Uncertainty avoidance
is the cultural tendency to be uncomfortable with
uncertainty and risk in everyday life
Individualism–collectivism
is the tendency of a culture to emphasize either
individual or group interests. It reflects the degree to which people are likely to
prefer working as individuals or working together in groups. The United States is
a highly individualistic culture, whereas Mexico is a more collectivist one.
Masculinity–femininity
is the tendency of a culture to value stereotypical
masculine or feminine traits. It reflects the degree to which organizations
emphasize competition and assertiveness versus interpersonal sensitivity and
concerns for relationships. Japan is considered a very masculine culture, whereas
Thailand is considered a more feminine culture.
Long-term/short-term orientation
is the tendency of a culture to emphasize
values associated with the future, such as thrift and persistence, or values that
focus largely on the present. It reflects the degree to which people and
organizations adopt long- term or short-term performance horizons. South Korea
is high on long-term-orientation, whereas the United States is a more short-term-
oriented country
Ecological fallacy
is acting with the mistaken assumption that a generalized cultural
value applies equally to all members of the culture.
Chapter 3 key terms
Perception
is the process through which people receive and interpret information from
the environment.
Selective screening
allows only a portion of available information to enter our
perceptions.
Schemas
are cognitive frameworks that represent organized knowledge developed
through experience about people, objects, or events.
A prototype
is a bundle of features expected to be characteristic of people in certain
categories or roles.
Impression management is the systematic attempt to influence how others perceive us.
The many factors influencing perception include characteristics of the perceiver, the
setting, and the perceived.
Information Processing and the Perception Process
Attention and Selection
Organization
Interpretation
Retrieval
Common Perceptual Distortionsor
Stereotypes
: A stereotype assigns attributes commonly associated with a group
to an individual.
Halo Effects
: A halo effect uses one attribute to develop an overall impression of
a person or situation
Selective Perception
: Selective perception is the tendency to define problems
from one’s own point of view.
Projection
assigns personal attributes to other individuals.
