This positive meaning of freedom leads us to an

This positive meaning of freedom leads us to an important distinction
between:
- Essential Freedom: the capacity to exercise a determinate control
over our actions through the operations of moral meaning.
- Effective Freedom: the limits of that capacity. What are these
limits? Abilities, skills, virtues, feelings, inclinations, that is, our moral
foundations.
Identifying the kind of knowledge involved in moral knowing
Describing moral knowledge is like trying to describe a friend or a
loved one. We quickly come to realize that neither our friend nor loved
one is the noun or adjectives we use to describe him or her. We realize
we can't capture him or her in static words. He or she is much more.
Moral knowledge is similar. It is not a quality of rightness or wrongness
as if that existed independent of actions or independent of persons.
Moral knowledge is not an add on as if it is something added on to
other aspects of human living.
Understanding why moral knowledge is always social and how that
plays out in concrete living

We first have concrete insights into a specific problem or concern and
from that, principles or general theories are developed. This is how we
learn ethics in our lives.
We move from concrete insights into particular experiences to
principles and deeper, more complex insights, etc. which link with
other diverse experiences.
So, there is an expansion happening. Our concrete insights build on
one another and skill at moral deliberation grows. As our moral
knowledge grows and develop, we also are growing and developing as
persons.
Social structures (what we did in our study guide question)
Lesson 7: Evil and Human Sinfulness
Identifying what is meant by evil
-that which is injurious, painful, hurtful, or calamitous.
-morally bad or unacceptable. Sinful. Wicked. Vicious. Corrupt.
that which impedes the achievement of goals, ideals, happiness, or
general well-being.
-misfortune
3 forms:
1-Betrayal
2-Delusion
3-Terror
Identifying human sinfulness and structural evil
Sin: an act which is regarded as a transgression of the divine law and
an offence against God; a violation of some religious or moral principle.
-Formal sin: Here, an act must be deliberate and voluntary. The act of
stealing when done deliberately and strictly for personal gain is an
example of formal sin.
-Material sin: Here, an act may be wrong materially, from an objective
point of view (for example, stealing) but the person who performed the
act cannot be judged as completely responsible. (He or she may have
been driven to steal because of desperate poverty and a family that

needed feeding.)
-Structures of evil have to do with horizons. As we have already seen,
moral knowing goes on within horizons. It is possible to get beyond or
to expand our moral horizons.
Understanding human beings as developmental and exploring what is
meant by the “surplus of evil”
Example: Atomic bombs the us made.