Hepatitis Hepatitis Risk factors Nursing Processes Complimentary Therapy

Hepatitis Hepatitis Risk factors Nursing Processes Complimentary Therapy Complication/Nursing implications  inflammation of the liver  usually caused by virus  exposure to alcohol, drugs, toxins, pathogens  Acute or chronic  Report all cases to health department Pathophysiology  Inflammatory process; damages hepatic cells and disrupts liver function  Impaired bile flow leads to jaundice  Liver hyperplasia, necrosis and cellular regeneration Viral Hepatitis  Caused by 5 viruses  Hepatitis A (HAV)  Hepatitis B (HBV)  Hepatitis C (HBC)  Hepatitis D (HBD)  Hepatitis E (HBE) Manifestations  Preicteral or Prodromal Phase  Flulike symptoms: chills, fever, fatigue, muscle and body aches  Gastrointestinal: anorexia, N/V, diarrhea, constipation  Mild RUQ abd pain and tenderness  Posticteric/ convalescent phase  Decreased  Serum enzymes/bilirubin  Liver pain  Gastrointestinal symptoms  weakness  Hep A and E  Oral, Fecal Routh  Ingestion of contaminated food/ water  Hep B  Blood  Drug abuse/ sexual contact or healthcare work  Hep C  Blood  Drug abuse/ sexual contact  Hep D  Co-infection with HBV  Drug abuse High Risk behaviors  Failure to follow Universal Precautions  Percutaneous exposure  Unprotected sexual intercourse with a hepatitis: infected person  Hemodialysis  Infection of food prepared by a hepatitis: infected person  Travel/ residence in underdeveloped country  Eating and/or living in crowded environments Diagnostic tests  Hepatitis  Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)  Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)  Alakaline Phosphotase (ALP)  Gamm- Glutamyltransferase (GGT)  Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)  Serum Bilirubin Levels  Assessments  Health hx.  Physical Assessment  Diagnostic test  Pertinent Client Hx.  Nursing Diagnoses and Interventions  Risk for infection transmission  Fatigue  Imbalanced Nutrition; less than body requirements Medications  Prevention  Hep A and B preventable  Vaccines to prevent disease following exposure  Post exposure prophylaxis  Administration of IG for Hep A&B exposure for short term immunity Treatment for Hep C  Acute: Interferon alpha and ribavirin  Chronic: interferon alpha treats Hep B&C; interferes with viral repillication and reduces viral load  Side effects flu-like symptoms, alopecia, bone marrow suppression  Silymarin or Milk Thistle  Promote liver cell growth  Block toxin from entering or damaging liver cells  Powerful antioxidant to reduce liver inflammation  Chronic Hep: results from Hep B, C, D with increased risk for liver cancer  Fulminant Hep: fetal form  Cirrhosis of the liver  Liver cancer  Liver failure